Personal Responsibility and Individual Accountability Essay - 2

Personal Responsibility and Individual Accountability - Essay Example He was appointed as the Creative Team Member and thus his responsibility was to understand the creative elements within the campaigns and assist the remaining team members as per the ‘consistency’ theme within those campaigns. (Moses, 2000) Alan’s strengths were his ability to recognize the difference between the aesthetically sound designs and the ones which could not propagate many variations within the consumerism avenues. He knew what will sell and hence advocated his designs in such a manner that the element of commercialism was depicted in his work. He also remembered designs pretty well and this can also be marked as one of his major strengths. He could differentiate whose work meant a certain theme and which designer was well-equipped to handle a particular kind of task. On the job, Alan learned a great deal about being responsible, getting things done in an effective and efficient way, to liaise with the remaining team members, to manage his own self, gain interdependence and properly align his working regimes with the time slots which were devoted to his individualized as well as team’s works. (Keigher, 1996) Alan taught me that it was all about the passion to do something in a particular field and to have a certain belief that a person can actually do it. He taught me that being responsible does come from within, more so if the destination is in sight. Also, motivation is a much-cherished aspect that one could have for his own betterment. Alan’s story is somewhat similar to mine. I had been reckless in the past but now I have taken a leaf out of Alan’s book. I have taught myself that it is good to be persistent within a task and dedicate one’s own self whole-heartedly towards a task – as this alone will mean success.

Subject of Course Project Essay Example for Free

Subject of Course Project Essay In today competitive economy, we need information system in every aspect of the organization because Information systems help in decision making process in a cost effective way. Using technologies to discover, analyze and act in real time on the large volumes of data in research laboratories will be beneficial to the organizations. Every organization produces large amount of data and we need a system to contain it and extract information effectively. Databases management systems are design to ease difficulties in maintain complex information systems. An organization such as Mayo Clinic not only has the clinical heath care system but also has the larger department focuses on research and innovations. These types of organizations contain many different research laboratories that use different database system and technologies, bio specimens and produce many different results. This indicates that they have large valuable data yet missing a system that can link them together so that we can compare and contrast all the pertaining data out there. Business Problem Statement The core problem to be solved is inefficient database systems of each disconnected database systems to a system that can communicate many different databases with easy to pull information out of. Due to difference in needs of each research labs, it would be very unproductive to use one type of database for all the labs. However, we need a system that can communicate different databases and queries all the information quickly. Name of the Organization The name of the organization is Mayo Clinic. I want to specifically focus the issue of database system of research department and more specifically about the database system of the lab that I am currently working with. At my lab, we are currently using a Microsoft Access Database to store both clinical and laboratory information by saving in it the share folder for other team members to access. However, there is no tracking system in place and with multi users involve, we have no way of know who or where the information could be wrong. Many other labs also have issues with current databases that they are using due to limited user abilities, missing tracking in place, and waiting time for programmer to give us reports. General Benefits By building a system that can give both clinical information and research information help save time and money of the organization and employees. It will encourage more collaboration within the institutes. If we have information on the samples that other labs already worked on, we no longer need to waste resources to produce the same data by sharing the results. There will be more time for innovations by removing the repetitive experiments. This system can also help at finding more resources such as which labs are working on the similar samples or experiments thus increase collaboration either by exchanging samples or working on the ideas together. It is also important to point out the sharing contents will be control by the users to avoid conflict. A system that can communicate with other database can pull up information of the same patients without needing to re-enter them in many different databases will save time and employee can focus on different tasks. High Level Approach Building a database system will take hours of mapping connections and writing a program that can be customized by users. The best way is to have web base database systems for the labs which don’t have a good relational database yet. Then, build a system that can link the entire relational databases to talk to each other and pull out data. There is two ways we can build the system either by outsourcing or in-house program development. Another step is to find out which way is more cost effective with the time we need to have them ready. Also, it would be important to have a research server and a team to maintain the systems. Audience The needs of an effective research laboratories database system are obvious yet it is costly and time consuming to build one. All the principle investors need to be participating and build the system together and budget into their lab cost. Senior managements and mangers of the labs of Mayo Clinic need to know the importance and benefit of having central research database system.

Are You Experienced? :: essays research papers

The Jimi Hendrix Experience released its first album in early 1967. Popular music had been leaning towards psychedelics for a couple years already and Are You Experienced? came out at about the same time as the Beatles' Sergeant Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band. Are You Experienced? far exceeded the Beatles' triumph in complexity, capturing the essence of the late 1960's culture. Naturally the newer band did not share the immediate success of the Beatles. But its staying power has been testified to by several generations. The British version of Are You Experienced? contained a few subtle differences. Most prominent were the absence of "Purple Haze" and the addition of Hendrix standard "Red House". "Purple Haze" caught fire in America after the Monterey Pop Festival and became Jimi's signature song. Although it was said to have endless verses, Jimi generally sang only the shortened version from the album (with a few ad lib changes). The single was sent to radio stations with a note: "This song was intentionally distorted. Do not adjust." Are You Experienced?, as with most of the Experience's music, sounds heavy no matter how many times you listen to it. In actuality, the stony "Purple Haze" is about as close as they ever come to hard rock. The next song, "Manic Depression" comes in strong with the opening chords and then reveals Mitch Mitchell's trademark rolling drums. It also contains another of Jimi's solos worth listening to by any new or Experienced fan. Chas Chandler chose the quietest song on the album to give the world its first taste of Jimi Hendrix's talents. Its first single, "Hey Joe", a song written by turn-of-the-century bluesman Billy Roberts debuted at number on the pop charts. No other song written or performed by Jimi Hendrix had as much success as this one. It topped out at number 2, behind the Beatles' "Lucy In the Sky With Diamonds". When there are other people around, it makes you feel alive. But when you sit alone and listen to the music, every chord catches in your throat. "Love or Confusion" has happened upon me more than once when I was suddenly realizing the dispair of yet another relationship. If the answer to his question is not obvious during the song itself, Jimi answers it for you with his very last whisper. "Love or Confusion" is a wicked twister of emotion. It shakes you up and when you lose your sense of direction, it drops out from under you, leaving you to fall mercilessly to

Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Clear Link Between the Outside and the I

Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Clear Link Between the Outside and the Inside of the Brain And God said, Let there be light; And there was light. And God saw that the light was good; And God separated the light from the darkness. God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day. (Genesis 1:3-5) (1) The sun has been an endless source of inspiration, both physical and spiritual, throughout the ages. For its light, warmth, and the essential role it has played in the maintenance of the fragile balance of life on earth, the sun has been honored and celebrated in most of the world's religions. While the regeneration of light is constant, the relative length of time between the rising and setting of the sun is affected by the changing of the seasons. Hippocrates postulated centuries ago that these changing patterns of light and dark might cause mood changes (9). Seasonal downward mood changes of late fall and winter have been the subject of many sorrowful turn-of-the-century poems of lost love and empty souls. For some, however, â€Å"the relationship between darkness and despair is more than metaphoric (6). It is only recently that the distinct neurological effects associated with the shortening of the day in winter have been more clearly understood. One interesting example of mood change associated with seasonal change is Seasonal Affective Disorder. While Seasonal Affective Disorder (or SAD) is interesting in itself as a long-suffered from but only recently labeled illness, it is perhaps most interesting as an illustrative example of the complex interplay between neurological processes and the environment. The study of Seasonal Affective Disorder provides fasci... ...ide? If healing comes from a pill, a shot, a box of light, does that make the illness real? Although my father would probably have steam coming out of his ears by this point in reading this paper, the lesson here is not in whether or not Seasonal Affective Disorder treatment should be covered by health insurance. Instead, it should be understood within the larger framework of how minds interact with the environment. Seasonal mood change is a clear and undeniable example of what happens when something goes wrong in the exchange of information from the outside to the inside. By examining seasonal mood change, the string linking the environment, circadian rhythms, the brain and behavior is a little tighter. Internet Sources: http://eawc.evansville.edu/anthology/genesis.htm http://web.nami.org/helpline/sad.htm http://www.cybercouch.com/library/seas.dbp.html Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Clear Link Between the Outside and the I Seasonal Affective Disorder: A Clear Link Between the Outside and the Inside of the Brain And God said, Let there be light; And there was light. And God saw that the light was good; And God separated the light from the darkness. God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And there was evening and there was morning, one day. (Genesis 1:3-5) (1) The sun has been an endless source of inspiration, both physical and spiritual, throughout the ages. For its light, warmth, and the essential role it has played in the maintenance of the fragile balance of life on earth, the sun has been honored and celebrated in most of the world's religions. While the regeneration of light is constant, the relative length of time between the rising and setting of the sun is affected by the changing of the seasons. Hippocrates postulated centuries ago that these changing patterns of light and dark might cause mood changes (9). Seasonal downward mood changes of late fall and winter have been the subject of many sorrowful turn-of-the-century poems of lost love and empty souls. For some, however, â€Å"the relationship between darkness and despair is more than metaphoric (6). It is only recently that the distinct neurological effects associated with the shortening of the day in winter have been more clearly understood. One interesting example of mood change associated with seasonal change is Seasonal Affective Disorder. While Seasonal Affective Disorder (or SAD) is interesting in itself as a long-suffered from but only recently labeled illness, it is perhaps most interesting as an illustrative example of the complex interplay between neurological processes and the environment. The study of Seasonal Affective Disorder provides fasci... ...ide? If healing comes from a pill, a shot, a box of light, does that make the illness real? Although my father would probably have steam coming out of his ears by this point in reading this paper, the lesson here is not in whether or not Seasonal Affective Disorder treatment should be covered by health insurance. Instead, it should be understood within the larger framework of how minds interact with the environment. Seasonal mood change is a clear and undeniable example of what happens when something goes wrong in the exchange of information from the outside to the inside. By examining seasonal mood change, the string linking the environment, circadian rhythms, the brain and behavior is a little tighter. Internet Sources: http://eawc.evansville.edu/anthology/genesis.htm http://web.nami.org/helpline/sad.htm http://www.cybercouch.com/library/seas.dbp.html

Motivation Factor Toward Vitamin Supplement

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Background of the Research Vitamin supplements bring added nutritional values to people’s health. With their contents of the certain recommended amount of minerals and vitamins needed for staying healthy, vitamin supplements have become more and more popular especially for those with hectic and busy lifestyles. These people believe that daily or regular consumption of vitamin supplements helps to ensure the proper intake of nutrition needed—a compensation for what they might have missed or lost as a result of workload or lifestyle.Unlike medicines or drugs for any medicinal purpose, vitamin supplements are taken for various reasons. Strength, health, and energy seem to take the lead as the top priorities, while illusions of youthfulness, fear of lack of complete nutrients, or long term protection follow. As work life and lifestyle in the global community have become more dynamic and healthy meals with proper dining are rare, people have resor ted more to the help of vitamin supplements. Advertising plays a major part in creating more desire for vitamin supplements.Several marketing schemes of pharmaceutical manufacturers make a continued bombardment of publicity, using both soft and hard persuasion to convince consumers believe in the efficacy of vitamin supplements. These movements create motivational factors for consumers, and their reasons for consumption of vitamin supplements can be endless. Modern lifestyle and work behavior remain the catalyst for the market viability of vitamin supplements. While vitamin supplements aim to maintain the good health of their consumers, they could deteriorate health in many ways.Natural nutrition is certainly better than short-cut nutrition. The market, the manufacturers, and the consumers who live a fast-paced lifestyle should look for equilibrium of vitamin supplement exposure. The supplements should help enhance people’s wellbeing, instead of benefiting certain groups. 1. 1. 1 Consumption of Vitamin Supplements Nowadays, people are concerned about their health and they think that they do not eat proper, well-balanced, and nutritious foods which results in a lack of key vitamins, illness, and poor health.This is especially true of businessmen and office workers because, as the world is moving at a busy and faster pace, they spend most of the time working, which uses all their mental and physical energy, and sometimes they are very stressed and do not often eat proper food and rely instead on junk food or fast food because of its convenience. Therefore, these people purchase vitamin supplements to prevent nutritional deficiencies. People do not purchase and consume food supplements or health products as a cure.They purchase and consume then because they think vitamin supplements can help them improve their quality of life. There are several motivational factors that encourage business people or office workers to purchase vitamin supplements which creat e the demand in the market. The market for vitamin supplements has increased significantly because they have the need to consume vitamin supplements which play an important role in providing nutrition which supports and maintains their good health. 1. 2 Statement of the ProblemConsumers of vitamin supplements are mostly business people in the central business districts (CBD) of any of the big cities in the world. Bangkok is no exception. With increasing stress, workload, and the hectic lifestyle of many CBDs in Bangkok, Thai business people try to keep their health stable by consuming more vitamin supplements, rather than observing proper gastronomy. Vitamin supplements of imported and local brands flood the shelves of trendy drug stores like Boots and other popular dispensaries.GNC, an American brand of vitamin supplements, has started to appear around downtown Bangkok’s shopping malls. Competition among manufacturers of vitamin supplements has become fierce, while several c onsumers have started to realize the side-effects of long-term intake of vitamin supplements. The issues of both the pharmaceutical market’s competitiveness and growing awareness of natural nutrients seem to be intertwined within the consumers’ minds.This study therefore aims to identify the motivational factors of the consumers in CBD Bangkok in their purchase intention of vitamin supplements. Recognizing the motivational factors reveals the consumers’ rationale and the impact of marketing techniques that have brought vitamin supplements to their present status. Manufacturers—both at home and abroad—will benefit from realizing consumers’ motivational factors, so that they are able to plan their research well and develop the technical and marketing sides.Surely Thailand, as a tropical country where herbs and pharmaceutical ingredients are found in abundance for making good vitamin supplements, can partake in this fierce competition with succ ess, while the imported brands are ready to compete in any overseas market. However, if vitamin supplements are to become an essential food for people in CBD, all parties concerned need to use studies of consumers’ motivational factors to determine directions that not only yield a healthy result to the consumers but help them avoid risks too. . 3 Research Questions 1. What motivates business people in central business district (CBD) to purchase vitamin supplements? 2. What characterizes the profile of business people of central business district (CBD) in relationship with their consumption of vitamin supplements? 1. 4 Research Objectives 1. To identify motivational factors of business people in buying vitamin supplements; 2. To describe characteristics and behavior of business people in relation to their decision to purchase vitamin supplements; and, 3.To describe the characteristics and behavior of business people in relation to their decision to consume vitamin supplements. 1. 5 Scope of the Research This research aims to understand motivational factors affecting purchase intention regarding office workers and vitamin supplements. The research will break down into four main variables which constitute Individual Characteristics, Situational and Attitudinal Factors, Motivational Factors, and Purchase Intention of vitamin supplements. The target population was around the Silom area which it is the center of the business area and the most crowded place in Bangkok.The respondents were executive managers, senior managers, and managers or work in lower positions. 1. 6 Limitation of the Research This research was conducted in the Silom area because it is a central business area of office workers. Hence, the result of the research might be different if data are collected from other areas because of difference in demographics and individual characteristics. 1. 7 Significance of the Research The importance of this study is primarily focused on understanding what motivates office workers in terms of the benefits of, and their intent to purchase vitamin supplements.The outcome will be able to help people concerned about the need to consume vitamin supplements through studies of the motivational factors to determine the directions that provide a healthy result to office workers as well as to characterize their individual profiles regarding the intent to purchase vitamin supplements. It will also be useful for marketers to help them analyze and evaluate this study to assist marketing management in marketing decisions and formulating strategies to increase efficiency. 1. 8 Definition of Terms Central Business District (CBD) – the central district of a city or it is office or retail center of the city. In this study, the survey was conducted in the Silom area as it is the center of the business area and suitable for understanding motivational factors on purchase intention of office workers which are the target of this study. * Vitamin sup plements – vitamin supplements help provide a consistent source of necessary vitamins and nutrition. People who are busy in their working life and do not eat properly would benefit from taking vitamin supplements.CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 1 Theories 2. 1. 1 Individual Characteristics Individual characteristics can be classified in many ways such as age, gender, educational level, income and personal appearance. It can refer to a set of personal traits of individuals (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). Individual characteristics can be described demographically or physically. Individual characteristics are unique. Some people may have the same characteristics in some areas just as some people may look Asian but no one person is identified to another.People will have different characteristics. According to Beatty and Smith (1987), and Mitchell (1993), demographic factors can fall into one category of individual characteristics which gender and age are mostly described as factors that usually affect consumer behavior. Additionally, we can include other individual characteristics such as educational level, working position and income, household size and time that spent on groceries shopping as factors that affect consumer behavior as well. Educational level can strongly affect consumer behavior.People with a higher education tend to spend more time searching for information and are willing to try something new in the market. Some products are designed for and required by highly-educated person such as laboratory equipment, international textbooks, etc. A Less educated person may seek and consume ordinary or routine products. They tend to have less awareness of new innovative products. Working status and income are perfectly related to each other. People cannot gain an income if they do not work. Income levels vary according to working status and position.Working status and income are usually used as influential factors that could affect consumer behavior. The re is no market when there is no income. Income is required by profitable markets. What people can afford affects the products that people are likely to buy. Therefore, income is often one of the most popular demographic factors used to study the effects of consumer behavior. A household is an individual who lives alone or a group of individuals living together in a common dwelling, regardless of whether they are related.Households can be cohabitating couples who are unmarried and the opposite sex, same sex or simply roommates. Household size is determined by the number of people who live in the dwelling. Household size could affect buying decisions and consumer behavior. Logically, each household is likely to buy and consume different products at different quantities. Lastly, for individual characteristics, time spent on groceries is the number of hours spent grocery shopping per week. According to the study of Goodman (2008), over 32 million American adults shop at a grocery store on a typical day.That is a large population density in grocery shops which could be a potential market for marketers. The time spent grocery shopping may affect the buying behavior of consumers in terms of buying more other products. 2. 1. 2 Situational and Attitudinal Factors Consumer behavior of individuals could be affected by the individual’s needs, benefits sought, attitudes, motivation and purchasing situation. Since people have different attitudes, beliefs and situations, consumer behavior of each person will be expressed differently as well.Situational factors are all those factors related to the time and place of observation which do not require the knowledge of a person. These factors could strongly affect consumer behavior (Beck, 1975). People may act and consume differently in different purchasing situations. Time influences a purchase situation. Attitudinal factors are related to an individual’s tendency toward a specific thing and it is also a personâ₠¬â„¢s propensity to be persistent and consistent.Attitude encompasses general knowledge and constitutes the cognitive, emotions, and actions. When an individual holds a positive attitude toward a target, he or she will hold the same attitude toward a similar target (Ajzen & Fishbein, 2005). According to the study of Kim and Chung (2011), health consciousness and appearance consciousness could affect consumer behavior. People who are at the stage of health and appearance consciousness do care about the desired stage of well-being and are willing to put in hard effort to maintain this.People with high health and appearance consciousness tend to spend more time searching for information on healthy living and they are likely to buy more vitamin supplements and other related health products. According to the Oxford English Dictionaries, a special diet means a special course of food to which people restrict themselves with either the purpose to lose weight or for medical reasons. It impli es a specific intake of vitamin supplements or nutrition for weight management and health purposes. Grocery shopper can be used to measure motivation regarding consumer perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors.The more involved grocery shoppers go shopping by themselves and are more likely to employ purchase strategies that will enhance their purchase intention (Smith & Carsky, 1996). A meal planner is also the same, according to Moore and Lehmann (1980), who found that an individual who is a meal planner or who prepares food seems to be more involved in purchase intention. Hence, they will be concerned about their food and nutrition and if they think they may lack benefits from their meals, they will be more likely to purchase vitamin supplements. . 1. 3 Motivational factors and product class involvement factors Consumer motivation is described as the influences that lead a consumer’s behavior toward a goal (Wang, 2001). Motivational factors are identified as a set of specific factors that influence motivation to individual needs. According to Drichoutis, Lazaridis, and Nayga Jr, (2007), this study defines price, nutrition, ease of intake, brand, and advertisement as variables in a measurement of product involvement, referred to by Moorthy (1997), which in this case is vitamin supplements.In addition, Rose (1994), and Thayer (1997) both concluded that these factors are important in consumer purchase intention. Price has a psychological impact that is used to influence consumer purchasing power. Nutrition can be defined as food or nourishment that is needed to keep growing, healthy, and to support life. Ease of intake has an emphasis on the convenience and difficulties of taking vitamin supplements. Brand enables a consumer to easily identify products of a particular company and decide to purchase them.Advertisement reflects an increasing trend in which people are concerned about their health. 2. 1. 4 Purchase Intention Purchase intention is a measurement of the possibility that a consumer will purchase a product and if the purchase intention is high, there is more chance that the consumer is willing to purchase a product. Purchase intention indicates consumers will follow their experience, preference, and motivation to collect information then evaluate their choices and choose alternatives so they can make a decision to purchase a product (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000).Purchase intention also leads consumers to not just purchase a product once but to repeatedly purchase or repurchase a product and to recommend it to others. Customers repurchase intention depends on the value obtained in their previous transactions (Wathne, 2001; Kaynak, 2003; Bolton, 2000). So purchase intention is based on that value with a relationship with expected future benefits. Recommendation in purchase intention is consumers who are willing to recommend others to purchase the same products that they bought (Olaru, Purchase, & Peterson, 2008).CHAPTER 3 FRAMEWOR K AND METHODOLOGY 3. 1 Theoretical Framework 1. Figure 3. 1 – Drichoutis, A. C. , Lazaridis, P. , & Nayga Jr, R. M. (2007). An assessment of product class involvement in food-purchasing behavior. This study aims to use the following framework to access the factors affecting the importance of different aspects such as price, taste, nutrition, ease of intake, and brand name of products (which in this study is food). The overall involvement with food, based on attribute importance, is affected by attitudinal factors and Socio-economic.In this framework, it provides different profiles of consumers who are not involved or more involved with food based on specific aspects. 2. Figure 3. 2 – Kim, H. Y. , & Chung, J. E. (2011). Consumer purchase intention for organic personal care products. The proposal of this framework attempts to study the effects of consumer values and past experience on consumer purchase intention of organic products and to consider the effect of perceived behavioral control on the attitude intention relationship by using the theory of planned behavior. . 2 Conceptual Framework Individual Characteristics * Age * Gender * Education * Work position * Income * Household Size * Time Spent on Grocery Shopping Figure 3. 3 – Motivational factors on purchase intention of vitamin supplements Purchase Intention * Purchase * Repurchase * Recommend others to purchase Motivational Factors * Price * Nutrition * Ease of Intake * Brand * Advertisement (trend) Situational & Attitudinal Factors * Health Consciousness * Appearance Consciousness * Special Diet Status * Grocery Shopper Meal Planner After clearly understand two theoretical frameworks, the conceptual framework in this research aims to study motivational factors on purchase intention of vitamin supplements regarding office workers in the Silom area. First of all, it is necessary to study individual characteristics of office workers and how these affect purchases of vitamin supplement s. Second, the study aims to identify situational and attitudinal factors that effect on consumer motivation leading to purchase of vitamin supplements.Third, the study aims to consider motivational factors of office workers and their effect on purchase intention of vitamin supplements. 3. 2. 1 Individual Characteristics The demographic factors are included in the individual characteristics category. Gender and age are factors that affect consumer behavior. Moreover, this study used education, working position, income, and household size as factors to further evaluate consumer characteristics to indicate how this effects their motivation and purchase intention of vitamin supplements.This research suggests these factors are crucial to profile consumers that intend to purchase vitamin supplements. 3. 2. 2 Situational & Attitudinal Factors This research defines health consciousness, appearance consciousness, special diet status, grocery shopper, and meal planner under situational and a ttitudinal factors. People who are concerned about their desired state of well-being or require a special course of nutrition are likely to make an effort to maintain a healthy life, and are interested in caring about their appearance, by purchasing vitamin supplements.People who go shopping and prepare meals themselves are more likely to purchase vitamin supplements because these situational and attitudinal factors can influence and motivate an individual’s perception about nutritional values. 3. 2. 3 Motivational Factors Motivational factors are identified as factors that influence motivation of office workers to purchase vitamin supplements. The perceived importance of price, nutrition, ease of intake, brand, and advertisement are included in the model in which these factors are defined to effect consumer perception of the benefits of vitamin supplements and influence their purchase intention.The researcher would like to determine if these factors create a positive or a ne gative relationship toward their purchase intention. 3. 2. 4 Purchase Intention This research defines purchase, repurchase, and recommending others to purchase under the purchase intention category. People are motivated to take action based on their behavior, attitude, and perception so they intend to purchase vitamin supplements for health benefits. They may intend to repurchase in the future based on their previous expectation in products and they may also recommend others to purchase vitamin supplements. . 3 Hypothesis H1o: There is no relationship between situational & attitudinal factors and motivational factors for vitamin supplement consumption H1a: There is a relationship between situational & attitudinal factors and motivational factors for vitamin supplement consumption H2o: There is no relationship between motivational factors and purchase intention of vitamin supplements H2a: There is a relationship between motivational factors and purchase intention of vitamin supplemen ts 3. Operationalization of Variables Variables| Concept of Variable| Operational Component| Measurement Scale| Situational & Attitudinal Factors| – Situational factors are related to the time and place of observation that do not require the knowledge of a person and situational factors could strongly affect consumer behavior (Beck, 1975). – Attitudinal Factors are related to an individual’s tendency toward a specific thing and it is also a person’s propensity to be persistent and consistent (Ajzen & Fishbein, 2005). – Concerned about health and diet all the time- On a special diet due to a health problem – Worried about physical shape and appearance- Do most of the grocery shopping- Always plan all family meals| Interval ScaleQ1 – Q5| Motivational Factors| Motivational factors are identified as a set of specific factors that influence motivation to individual needs (Wang, 2001). – Pay attention to price- Pay attention to nutri tional value – Pay attention to convenience and ease of intake- Pay attention to the brand- Pay attention to popularity, advertisements and social trends| Interval ScaleQ6 – Q10| Purchase Intention| – Purchase intention indicates consumers will follow their preference, experience, and motivation to collect information then evaluate their choices and choose alternatives so they can make a decision to purchase a product (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). – Intend to purchase vitamin supplements- Recommend others to purchase- Intend to repeat purchasing| Interval ScaleQ11 – Q13| Individual Characteristics (Personal Information)| Individual characteristics can be classified is many ways such as age, gender, educational level, income and personal appearance. It refers to a set of personal traits of an individual (Schiffman and Kanuk, 2000). | – Gender- Age- Education level – Work position- Household size- Income- Time spent grocery shopping| Ord inal and NominalQ14 – Q20| 3. 5 Statistical Treatment of DataThe research used a quantitative research method to prove the findings. Quantitative research is used to measure how many people feel, think or act in a particular way using surveys or questionnaires. Quantitative research also provides numerical data or can convert data into numbers for a statistical review. The research used a questionnaire for collecting data because it is the most proper way based on the number of questions to be answered and to get reliable data and information from the target population. 3. 5. 1 Respondents Sampling Procedure 1. Target PopulationThe target population was office workers in the Silom area, which we considered to be the suitable location in the business area because this area is very famous, crowded, and at the center of the business area. 2. Sample size and unit The data were collected from 384 sampling units as this is the minimum sample sizes required from the population of of fice workers located in the Silom area. The population of office workers from this area is numerous because Silom is the center of the business area and many people from different areas work there. 3. Sampling ProcedureThe sampling method in this study is non-probability sampling because it is the most appropriate sampling method for this research as the target population are selected at random. Thus the research used the following type of non-probability samples technique in order to get questionnaire completed – Judgmental or Purposive sampling – This sampling is based on the assumption that the researcher can select elements which represent a typical sample from the appropriate target population: office workers in the Silom area. 3. 5. 2 Research Instrument and Questionnaire DesignThe researcher used a self-administered questionnaire which is a tool that helps the respondents to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire design was based on the conceptual framewo rk and was divided into four parts as follows – Part 1 (Situational & Attitudinal Factors) – this part of the questionnaire is about understanding the situational and attitudinal factors regarding office workers and vitamin supplements. Part 2 (Motivational Factors) – this part of the questionnaire is about understanding the motivational factors of office workers toward vitamin supplements.Part 3 (Purchase Intention) – the researcher wanted to understand office workers purchase intention of vitamin supplements. The researcher would also like to know if they think vitamin supplements are very important in today’s business world. Part 4 (Individual Characteristics) – this part consisted of questions that acquired individual data of the respondent: it helped the researcher to understand what a characteristic profile of office workers are and their attitudes toward vitamin supplements. Questionnaire Scale A 5-point Likert Scale was used in the q uestionnaire. = Strongly Agree 4 = Agree 3 =Neutral 2=Disagree 1=Strongly Disagree 3. 5. 3 Collection of Data The researcher can collect 384 sets of questionnaires from respondents who are office workers in the Silom area. The questionnaire was carried out only during business hours. The researcher spent two weeks collecting questionnaire and the researcher had two assistants to help distribute questionnaires for obtaining data. The researcher collected all questionnaires and analyzed the data using the software package Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). 3. 6 Reliability TestReliability Analysis of Research Instrument To test variables in the questionnaire using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient scale and if the alpha test result from the calculation is above . 6 or equal, it means that all questions in the questionnaire are reliable and consistent and can be applied as research instruments in this study. Situational and Attitudinal Factors Reliability Statistics| Cron bach's Alpha| No. of Items| .800| 5| Motivational Factors Reliability Statistics| Cronbach's Alpha| No. of Items| .727| 5| Purchase Intention Reliability Statistics| Cronbach's Alpha| No. f Items| .907| 3| Overall Reliability Statistics| Cronbach's Alpha| No. of Items| .895| 13| Table 3. 6: The Summary of Reliability Test Analysis Variables| Alpha test| Situational and Attitudinal Factors| . 800| Motivational Factors| . 727| Purchase Intention| . 907| Overall| . 895| The reliability test results of research instrument according to Table 4. 8 indicate that all variables in the questionnaire are greater than . 6. Therefore, all questions are reliable and consistent and can be applied as research instruments in this study. CHAPTER 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTThe researcher used Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to analyze the data using the following analyses – Frequency Analysis – To point out the individual characteristics of business people or office workers Descriptive Analysis – To test attitude, motivation, and intention of office workers and point what is the factor that they believe is the most important for them Correlation – To study the relationship or correlation between variables 4. 1 Frequency Analysis Table 4. 1. 1: The Analysis of Gender Levels using Frequency and Percentage Gender| Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Male| 122| 31. 8| 31. 8| 31. 8| | Female| 262| 68. 2| 68. 2| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 1, indicates that 68. 2% (262) of the respondents were female and 31. 8% (122) were male. Table 4. 1. 2: The Analysis of Age Levels using Frequency and Percentage Age| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 20 – 30 years old| 153| 39. 8| 39. 8| 39. 8| | 31 – 40 years old| 121| 31. 5| 31. 5| 71. 4| | 41 – 50 years old| 78| 20. 3| 20. 3| 91. 7| | 51 – 60 years old| 32| 8. | 8. 3| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 2, indicates that the highest percentages of respondents 39. 8% (153) were 20 to 30. 31. 5% (121) were 31 to 40, 20. 3% (78) were 41 to 50, and 8. 3% (32) were 51 to 60. Table 4. 1. 3: The Analysis of Educational Levels using Frequency and Percentage Educational levels| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Bachelor’s degree or lower| 212| 55. 2| 55. 2| 55. 2| | Master’s degree or higher| 172| 44. 8| 44. 8| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 3, indicates that 55. % (212) of respondents held a bachelor’s degree or lower and 44. 8% (172) held a master’s degree or higher. Table 4. 1. 4: The Analysis of Work Position Levels using Frequency and Percentage Work position| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Manager or lower| 214| 55. 7| 55. 7| 55. 7| | Senior manager| 131| 34. 1| 34. 1| 89. 8| | Executive manager| 39| 10. 2| 10. 2| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 4, indicates that the highest percentages of respondents worked as a manager or a lower position: 55. 7% (214), 34. % (131) were senior managers, and 10. 2% (39) were executive managers. Table 4. 1. 5: The Analysis of Household Size Levels using Frequency and Percentage Number of family members(household size)| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 3 or less| 104| 27. 1| 27. 1| 27. 1| | more than 3| 280| 72. 9| 72. 9| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 5, indicates that most households contained more than 3 people 72. 9% (280), and 27. 1% (104) contained 3 people or less. Table 4. 1. 6: The Analysis of Income Levels using Frequency and Percentage Income per month| Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| Up to 30,000 baht| 217| 56. 5| 56. 5| 56. 5| | Greater than 30,000 baht| 167| 43. 5| 43. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 6, indicates that the highest percentages 56. 5% (217) earned up to 30,000 baht while 43. 5% (167) earned greater than 30,000 baht. Table 4. 1. 7: The Analysis of Time Spent Shopping Levels usuing Frequency and Percentage Total amount of time spent shopping per week| | Frequency| Percent| Valid Percent| Cumulative Percent| Valid| 2 hours or less| 171| 44. 5| 44. 5| 44. 5| more than 2 hours| 213| 55. 5| 55. 5| 100. 0| | Total| 384| 100. 0| 100. 0| | Table 4. 1. 7, indicates that most respondents 55. 5% (213) spent more than 2 hours shopping, and 44. 5% (171) spent 2 hours or less. 4. 2 Descriptive Analysis Table 4. 2. 1: The Analysis of Situational and Attitudinal Factors using Average Mean and Standard Deviation Descriptive Statistics| | N| Mean| Std. Deviation| I am concerned about my health and diet all the time | 384| 3. 85| . 911| I am on a special diet due to a health problem| 384| 2. 96| 1. 207| I often worry about my physical shape and appearance| 384| 2. 8| 1. 269| I do most of the grocery shopping myself| 384| 3. 65| . 985| I always p lan all family meals| 384| 3. 55| . 979| Valid N (listwise)| 384| | | As indicated in table 4. 2. 1, the researcher found that the highest average of situational and attitudinal factors is 3. 85: those concerned about health (health consciousness) and the lowest average is 2. 96: those on a special diet. The highest standard deviation is 1. 269: those who worry about physical shape and appearance (appearance consciousness) and the lowest standard deviation is 0. 911: those concerned about health (health consciousness).Table 4. 2. 2: The Analysis of Motivational Factors using Average Mean and Standard Deviation Descriptive Statistics| | N| Mean| Std. Deviation| I often pay attention to price when I go shopping| 384| 3. 67| . 989| I often pay attention to nutritional value when I do grocery shopping| 384| 3. 75| . 822| I often pay attention to convenience and ease of intake of medicine and vitamins| 384| 3. 63| . 858| I pay attention to the brands of vitamins and supplementary food| 3 84| 3. 42| . 902| I pay attention to popularity, advertisements, and social trends of vitamin consumption| 384| 3. 0| . 958| Valid N (listwise)| 384| | | As indicated in table 4. 2. 2, the researcher found that the highest average of motivational factor is 3. 75: those who pay attention to nutritional value and the lowest average is 3. 20: those who pay attention to the popularity, advertisements, and social trends. The highest standard deviation is 0. 989: those who pay attention to price. The lowest standard deviation is 0. 822: those who pay attention to nutrition value. Table 4. 2. 3: The Analysis of Purchase Intention using Average Mean and Standard Deviation Descriptive Statistics| N| Mean| Std. Deviation| I intent to purchase vitamin supplements| 384| 3. 14| 1. 145| I want to recommend others to purchase vitamin supplements| 384| 3. 28| . 936| I intend to repurchase vitamins and supplements continuously| 384| 3. 09| 1. 156| Valid N (listwise)| 384| | | As indicated in table 4 . 2. 3, the researcher found that the highest average of purchase intention is 3. 28: those who recommend others to purchase vitamin supplements, and the lowest average is 3. 09: those who intend to repurchase vitamin supplements. The highest standard deviation is 1. 56: those who intend to repurchase vitamin supplements and the lowest standard deviation is 0. 936: those who recommend others to purchase vitamin supplements. 4. 3 Inferential Analysis Table 4. 3. 1: The Analysis of the Relationship between Situational & Attitudinal Factors and Motivation using the Person Correlation (Bivariate) Correlations| | MeanSAF| MeanMF| MeanSAF| Pearson Correlation| 1| . 638**| | Sig. (2-tailed)| | . 000| | N| 384| 384| MeanMF| Pearson Correlation| . 638**| 1| | Sig. (2-tailed)| . 000| | | N| 384| 384| **. Correlation is significant at the 0. 1 level (2-tailed). | According to Table 4. 3. 1, the results from the inferential analysis using the Pearson correlation show that the significant is equ al . 000 which is less than . 01 (. 000

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J.F.K. theories essays What really happened on November 22, 1963? Nobody knows exactly what happened, that's what makes this story the greatest mystery of our time. The assassination changed the course of history, and the way that many people think about the government. There's much more involved here than the death of a president. Before visiting Dealey Plaza, viewing JFK movies and documentaries about the assassination, reading and visiting web sites on the subject. All we know for sure is that between 3 and 6 shots were fired, and that at least 2 of those shots came from the sixth floor of the Texas School Book Depository Building. To illustrate how our opinion has changed, we assigned probabilities (before in the table, below. Before After Oswald acted alone, there was no conspiracy 75% 45% Oswald fired all shots, but others were involved in a 5 0.4 Oswald and another shooter fired shots, as part of a 20 54 Oswald was part of a conspiracy, but did not fire 0 0.4 Oswald knew nothing about the assassination, and 0 ...

Viracocha and the Legendary Origins of the Inca

Viracocha and the Legendary Origins of the Inca Viracocha and the Legendary Origins of the Inca: The Inca people of the Andean region of South America had a complete creation myth which involved Viracocha, their Creator God. According to legend, Viracocha emerged from Lake Titicaca and created all of the things in the world, including man, before sailing off into the Pacific Ocean. The Inca Culture: The Inca culture of western South America was one of the most culturally rich and complex societies encountered by the Spanish during the Age of Conquest (1500-1550). The Inca ruled a mighty empire that stretched from present-day Colombia to Chile. They had complicated society ruled by the emperor in the city of Cuzco. Their religion centered on a small pantheon of gods including Viracocha, the Creator, Inti, the Sun, and Chuqui Illa, the Thunder. The constellations in the night sky were revered as special celestial animals. They also worshiped huacas: places and things that were somehow extraordinary, like a cave, a waterfall, a river or even a rock that had an interesting shape. Inca Record Keeping and the Spanish Chroniclers: It is important to note that although the Inca did not have writing, they had a sophisticated record-keeping system. They had a whole class of individuals whose duty it was to remember oral histories, passed down from generation to generation. They also had quipus, sets of knotted strings which were remarkably accurate, especially when dealing with numbers. It was by these means that the Inca creation myth was perpetuated. After the conquest, several Spanish chroniclers wrote down the creation myths they heard. Although they represent a valuable source, the Spanish were far from impartial: they thought they were hearing dangerous heresy and judged the information accordingly. Therefore, several different versions of the Inca creation myth exist: what follows is a compilation of sorts of the major points on which the chroniclers agree. Viracocha Creates the World: In the beginning, all was darkness and nothing existed. Viracocha the Creator came forth from the waters of Lake Titicaca and created the land and the sky before returning to the lake. He also created a race of people - in some versions of the story they were giants. These people and their leaders displeased Viracocha, so he came out of the lake again and flooded the world to destroy them. He also turned some of the men into stones. Then Viracocha created the Sun, Moon and stars. People are Made and Come Forth: Then Viracocha made men to populate the different areas and regions of the world. He created people, but left them inside the Earth. The Inca referred to the first men as Vari Viracocharuna. Viracocha then created another group of men, also called viracochas. He spoke to these viracochas and made them remember the different characteristics of the peoples that would populate the world. Then he sent all of the viracochas forth except for two. These viracochas went to the caves, streams, rivers and waterfalls of the land - every place where Viracocha had determined that people would come forth from the Earth. The viracochas spoke to the people in these places, telling them the time had come for them to come out of the Earth. The people came forth and populated the land. Viracocha and the Canas People: Viracocha then spoke to the two that had remained. He sent one to the east to the region called Andesuyo and the other to the west to Condesuyo. Their mission, like the other viracochas, was to awaken the people and tell them their stories. Viracocha himself set out in the direction of the city of Cuzco. As he went along, he awoke those people who were in his path but who had not yet been awakened. Along the way to Cuzco, he went to the province of Cacha and awoke the Canas people, who emerged from the Earth but did not recognize Viracocha. They attacked him and he made it rain fire upon a nearby mountain. The Canas threw themselves at his feet and he forgave them. Viracocha Founds Cuzco and Walks Over the Sea: Viracocha continued to Urcos, where he sat on the high mountain and gave the people a special statue. Then Viracocha founded the city of Cuzco. There, he called forth from the Earth the Orejones: these big-ears (they placed large golden discs in their earlobes) would become the lords and ruling class of Cuzco. Viracocha also gave Cuzco its name. Once that was done, he walked to the sea, awakening people as he went. When he reached the ocean, the other viracochas were waiting for him. Together they walked off across the ocean after giving his people one last word of advice: beware of false men who would come and claim that they were the returned viracochas. Variations of the Myth: Because of the number of conquered cultures, the means of keeping the story and the unreliable Spaniards who first wrote it down, there are several variations of the myth. For example, Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa (1532-1592) tells a legend from the Caà ±ari people (who lived south of Quito) in which two brothers escaped Viracocha’s destructive flood by climbing a mountain. After the waters went down, they made a hut. One day they came home to find food and drink there for them. This happened several times, so one day they hid and saw two Caà ±ari women bring the food. The brothers came out of hiding but the women ran away. The men then prayed to Viracocha, asking him to send the women back. Viracocha granted their wish and the women came back: the legend says that all the Caà ±ari are descended from these four people. Father Bernabà © Cobo (1582-1657) tells the same story in greater detail. Importance of the Inca Creation Myth: This creation myth was very important to the Inca people. The places where the people emerged from the Earth, such as waterfalls, caves and springs, were venerated as huacas - special places inhabited by a sort of semi-divine spirit. At the place in Cacha where Viracocha allegedly called fire down upon the belligerent Canas people, the Inca built a shrine and revered it as a huaca. At Urcos, where Viracocha had sat and given the people a statue, they built a shrine as well. They made a massive bench made of gold to hold the statue. Francisco Pizarro would later claim the bench as part of his share of the loot from Cuzco. The nature of Inca religion was inclusive when it came to conquered cultures: when they conquered and subjugated a rival tribe, they incorporated that tribes beliefs in their religion (although in a lesser position to their own gods and beliefs). This inclusive philosophy is in stark contrast to the Spanish, who imposed Christianity on the conquered Inca while attempting to stamp out all vestiges of native religion. Because the Inca people allowed their vassals to keep their religious culture (to an extent) there were several creation stories at the time of the conquest, as Father Bernabà © Cobo points out: With regard to who these people may have been and where they escaped from that great inundation, they tell a thousand absurd stories. Each nation claims for itself the honor of having been the first people and that everyone else came from them. (Cobo, 11) Nevertheless, the different origin legends have a few elements in common and Viracocha was universally revered in Inca lands as the creator. Nowadays, the traditional Quechua people of South America - the descendants of the Inca - know this legend and others, but most have converted to Christianity and no longer believe in these legends in a religious sense. Sources: De Betanzos, Juan. (translated and edited by Roland Hamilton and Dana Buchanan) Narrative of the Incas. Austin: the University of Texas Press, 2006 (1996). Cobo, Bernabà ©. (translated by Roland Hamilton) Inca Religion and Customs. Austin: the University of Texas Press, 1990. Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro. (translated by Sir Clement Markham). History of the Incas. 1907. Mineola: Dover Publications, 1999.

How Important For Companies Today To Be Ethical Management Essay Essays

How Important For Companies Today To Be Ethical Management Essay Essays How Important For Companies Today To Be Ethical Management Essay Essay How Important For Companies Today To Be Ethical Management Essay Essay The beginning of the 21rst century started with large dirts that raised some issues on corporate societal duty and on moralss policies inside companies. This essay says about the how of import is it companies to be seen as ethical s today? Yes because it will do to a win-win state of affairs for everybody concerned. If a company holding and keeping ethical criterions will vouch consumers and workers that they could belief the company. Meanwhile, Companies could be rest guaranteed that, with the belief of their stakeholders, their concern will go on to develop. Companies do nt hold to be lawfully but they can make morally Public involvement in concern has neer been higher than it has is presently. In sing the past 30 old ages of concern moralss experiences, two decisions may be drawn. attending in concern moralss has heightened during each past 40 decennaries. Interest in concern moralss and corporate societal duty seems to hold been spurred by major headline catching dirts. ( Sims 2003 ) This essay traces the basic thoughts of moralss and applied moralss taupe on company moralss theoretical position, and the of import of ethical behaviors, and stairss for developing an effectual codification of moralss, concern moralss in planetary economic system And some more farther information s are contains in this essay. Definition of Ethical motives The theory has come to intend assorted things to assorted people, but by and large in the context of organisations coming to cognize what it right or incorrect in the workplace and making what s right this is in observe to effects of products/services and in relationships with stakeholders such as employees, clients, providers, and local/national community. In times of cardinal alteration, values that were antecedently taken for granted are now strongly questioned. For illustration, life long employment is considered one of the best policies of organisations. However in the changed competitory state of affairss we find that retrenchment, presenting, outsourcing production systems raise inquiries about the cardinal premiss of antecedently laid down good patterns. Consequently, there is no clear moral compass to steer leaders through complex jobs about what is right or incorrect. Attention to moralss in the workplace sensitizes leaders and staff to how they should move. Possibly most of import, attending to moralss in the workplaces helps guarantee that when leaders and directors are fighting in times of crises and confusion, they retain a strong moral compass. ( web 1 ) What is concern moralss? Business moralss focuses on what is right and incorrect behavior in the concern word. It has to make with how concerns apply moral and ethical rules to state of affairss that arise in the work topographic point. Because concern determination shapers must frequently turn to more complex ethical issues in the work topographic point than they face in their personal lives, concern moralss is more complicated than personal moralss. ( Roger 2009 ) Why concern moralss is necessary During the early portion of the 2000s, the United kingdom populace was shocked as one concern moralss dirt after another became headline intelligence. Business moralss is necessary for companies, concern ethical is critical non because it is stylish though concern can ill afford to disregard anything, nevertheless silly, which earnestly influences the market in which it operates, instead concern moralss is necessary because ethical picks are ineluctable. The concern moralss challenge is to do that predictable ethical determination devising explicit so as to do it better. Army for the liberation of rwanda from being anti concern, concern moralss really provides indispensable support for maximizing long term proprietor value ( MALACHOWSKI A 1997 ) Ethical behaviour study in UK. Harmonizing To IBE research in UK Sixty per centum of people do nt swear concern leaders to state the truth. The public wants concern to act more reasonably, ethically, and progressively, a committedness to ethical pattern is a criterion for stakeholders. Having a codification of moralss is a powerful tool, but merely if it is rooted in the nucleus values of the concern. Harmonizing to MORI research in 2009 theyfound that 80 % of the public believe that large companies have a moral duty to societybut 61 % besides thought large companies do nt truly care Reflecting this, companies following a codification of moralss were found, over five old ages, to hold outperformed those who did non, harmonizing toA IBE research in April 2003. 90 % of FTSE 100 have a code- but merely 43 % of FTSE 250 concerns do While 90 % of FTSE 100 companies have a codification of moralss or concern behaviors, merely 43 % of those in the FTSE 250 have codifications. Quality varies from excellent to hapless and holding a codification is no confidence that it will be followed. To be effectual a codification needs to be set in into a company. ( web 2 ) Why should a company Be Ethical? There is already something uneven about this inquiry. It is like inquiring, Why are unmarried mans single? They are unmarried by definition. If they were married, they would non be unmarried mans. It is the same with moralss. To state that one should make something is another manner of stating it is ethical. If it is non ethical, so one should non make it. ( web2 ) An organisation has to be ethical in its behavior because it has to be in the competitory universe. We can happen a figure of grounds for being ethical in behavior. Few of them given below: most people want to be ethical in their concern traffics. Valuess give direction credibleness with its employees. Merely perceived moral righteousness and societal concern brings employment regard. Valuess help better determination devising. There are some grounds why concern should seen as ethically To protect its ain involvement To protect the involvement of the concern community as a whole so that the populace will hold trust it To maintain its committedness to society to move ethically To run into stakeholders outlooks To forestall injury to the general populace To construct trust with cardinal stakeholder groups To protect at that place ain reputes To protect their ain employees and make an environment in which workers can move in ways consistent their values Besides, if a corporation reneges in its understandings and expected others to maintain theirs, What are the benefits form pull offing moralss? Several advantages accrue to an endeavor if it is managed ethically. They are following Attention to concern moralss has well improved society: constitution of anti trust Torahs, brotherhoods, and other regulative organic structures has contributed to the development of society. There was a clip when favoritisms and maltreatment of employees were high, the battle equality and equity in workplace ended up in set uping certain low which benefited the society Ethical pattern has contributed towards high productiveness and strong squad work: Organization being aggregation of persons, the values reflected will be different from that of the organisation. Changeless cheque and duologue will guarantee that the value of the employee matches the values of the administration. This will in bend consequence in better cooperation and increased productiveness. Changing state of affairss requires ethical instruction: during unstable times, when confusion becomes the order of the twenty-four hours. One must hold clear ethical guidelines to take right determinations. Ethical preparation will be of great aid in those state of affairss. Such preparation will enable directors manning corporations to expect state of affairss and equip themselves face them straight. Ethical patterns create strong public image: organisations with strong ethical patterns will possess a strong image along with the populace. This image would take to strong and continued trueness of employees, consumers and general populace. Conscious execution of moralss in organisations becomes the basis for the success and image of the organisation. It is because of this ethical perceptual experience that the employees of TESCO and the general populace protested in 1977 when the curate for industries attempted to nationalise the company in India. Strong ethical patterns act as an insurance: if a company have strong ethical patterns of the organisation are an added advantage for the future map of the concern. In the long tally, it would profit if the organisation is equipped to defy the competition ( Fernando 2009 ) Stairss for a company wishing to develop its ain corporate moralss programme 1 ) Find a title-holder The Chief executive officer is organized to drive the debut of a concern morals policy, the opportunities of it being a utile tool are non high. 2 ) Get support from the Chairman and the Board Corporate values and moralss are affairs of control. The board must be enthusiastic non merely about holding such a policy but besides about having regular studies on its operation. 3 ) Find out what fusss people fundamentally back uping a standard codification or copying that of another will non do. It is of import to happen out on what subjects employees require counsel. 4 ) Pick a well-tested theoretical account Use a docket which addresses issues as they affect different components or stockholders of the company such ad stockholders, employees, clients, providers, and local/national community 5 ) Produce a company codification of behavior This should be distributed in brochure signifier, company cyberspace, one-year study. Guidance on how the codification plant should besides be included. 6 ) Try it out foremost The codification needs flying possibly with a sample of employees drawn from all degrees and different locations. An external party such as the Institute of Business Ethics will notice on bill of exchanges. 7 ) Issue the codification and do it cognize Publish and direct the codification to all employees, providers and others. State publically that the company has a codification and transporting out programme that covers the whole company. Put it on your Web Site and direct it to joint-venture and other spouses. 8 ) Make it work Practical illustrations of the codification in action should be introduced into all company internal ( and external ) preparation programmes every bit good as initiation classs. Directors should subscribe off on the codification on a regular basis and a reappraisal mechanism should be established. A codification master demands to be appointed. ( web 3 ) Decision In this essay illustrates How of import is it for companies today to be seen as ethical, in this competitory concern universe ethical behaviors are really of import, because consumers education degree and the ethical behavior point of ideas are high these yearss, and the media such as intelligence documents, wirelesss, telecasting channels and the societal webs ( face book ) all are highlight and concentrate companies un ethical behaviors. How of all time now yearss people besides like to cover with ethical companies. Consumers societal and environmental position extremely increased in the recent old ages, so companies should be seen like every bit ethical today.

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Strongest sources of legitimacy - Essay Example Another thing that can be said to be a strong source of the strength of the US democracy is the level of self-reliance in the American society. Through self-reliance citizens are given the chance to practice their own will as long as their actions are within the boundaries of the US laws. In the United States of America this can be seen in the way social workers work with the society with the aim of making sure that self-help groups are successful so that the members could be independent (Shively, 2011). Self-reliance is further enhanced by US education system and the spirit of equal opportunities that is encouraged by the constitution. Freedom and the free market economy can also be said to be contributing to the country’s democracy. When people operate under free market they are able to practice democracy without having fears of being discriminated. This can be seen in the number of occasions that people have staged demonstrations whenever they felt that democracy was being abused in the

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The Black Model for Interest Rate Derivatives - Essay Example Over the last two and half decades, finance has experienced tremendous and exciting developments especially with reference to derivatives markets. One of the reasons explaining the idea of tremendous and exciting developments within financial sector is the fact that both hedger and speculators within financial markets find it attractive to trade derivate specifically assets rather than trading on the assets themselves (Gupta and Subrahmanyam. 2005). Development of derivatives is considered as one of the most successful upcoming within capital markets (Brigo and Mercurio 2001). Within derivatives, there are three main traders; hedger, speculators, and arbitrageurs. Application of derivatives within financial markets helps in eliminating or reducing risk associated with the fluctuations in the prices of assets. Overview and Development of Black Model Financial markets have experienced an increase in the interest-rate contingent claims that include amongst others caps, swaptions, bond o ptions, mortgage-backed securities, as well as captions. The main problem however that is currently experienced is the development of effective and efficient instruments for valuing such contingent claims. Different models have been developed and used in an attempt to find the best and most effective one. Nonetheless, there has been indifference amongst traders on the model effective and efficient enough to help in measuring, controlling, and supervision of interest-rate risks. Hull (234) identifies Black-Scholes Model as a major innovation is pricing of various stock options. During the early 1970s, Fischer Black, Myron Scholes, and Robert Merton developed a model that can be used effectively and efficiently in pricing stock options (Hull p234). In addition, Clewlow and Strickland (2000) confirm that Black Model has been frequently used in valuing bond options due to its effectiveness and efficiency. Black Model borrows extensively from the Black-Scholes Model (Black, 1976). Actual ly the former is an extension and modification of the latter. Black Model for pricing stock options assumes that the value of an interest rate, bond price, or other variables at a given time is future follows a lognormal distribution. One of the reasons that necessitated the extension and modification of the Black-Scholes Model to Black Model is the difficulty experienced in valuing interest rate derivatives as opposed to valuing foreign exchange derivative (Hull p508). The difficulty is experienced due to a number of reasons such as complications within the behavior of individual interest rate as compared to stock prices of exchange rates (Hull p508). In addition, there has been the need to develop a model that will help in evaluating the behavior of the entire derivate including the zero-coupon yield rate. Consequently, Black Model was developed, which derives most of its assumptions from the Black-Scholes-Merton differential equation that represents the model. For instance, the m odel assumes that there are no transactional costs of taxes involved in applying the model to value stock options (Black, 1976). What’s more, the model assumes that there are no dividends obtained during the derivatives’ life coupled with facts that arbitrate opportunities are termed as riskless. In this model, another important assumption is that the rate of risk-free interest is constant and equals

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Thesis that uses your original profile and your newly collected data to clearly present your point to your audience - Essay Example It has been observed that the most significant qualities of a transformational leader are strong execution skills, leading by example and the ability to sense what requires change. The existence of a truly ‘transformational’ leader was identified James MacGregor Burns who differentiated between leaders who were transactional in nature and those who were transformational in nature. The latter were defined as those that brought about some considerable, constructive change in the mindset of the organization and its employees through the use of powerful vision and motivational tactics to enable the various organizational actors to look beyond their immediate self-interests and work for the interest of the entire organization (Burns). However, this definition is criticized on the grounds that the pressing need and struggle for bringing â€Å"change† can divert the efforts of the followers away from the core tasks. For example, a school principal who insists on change management will hamper students’ learning by forcefully engaging them in CSR activities and taking time away from them. The CSR program is designed to enhance the level of ed ucational standards within institutions and is funded by the state (U.S Department of Education). The purpose of this program is to enable students of all levels to achieve the high academic standards set by the state after thorough research (U.S Department of Education). Schools are then required to fulfill the eleven aspects of this reform. These components include professional development of staff, setting up of SMART goals, parental involvement in bringing about improvements as well as the use of an external partner that assists the school in implementing these reforms (U.S Department of Education). The fact that the most significant quality is that of having a strong vision is also heavily debated. There are leaders who have an excellent vision, they know where to get but either do not know how to get there or

Behavioural Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Behavioural Program - Essay Example Operant conditioning is founded on the premise that behavior can either be reinforced or eliminated by introducing or removing a certain commodity or thing that the subject is used to. Operant conditioning among children is usually done by eliminating the thing that they love the most such as attention. Many people have asserted that this is an authoritarian approach to raising children. However, what most of them do not realize is that the method actually works. Operant conditioning has caused behavioral transformations among various cases and the same can occur to Claire. (Dennis & Pennce, 2008) This behavioral program will be created by manipulation of Claire’s consequences so as to attain the desired result; in this case it will be to deal with Claire’s tantrum issues and her behavior which is verbally and socially inappropriate. The method will combine the efforts of Claires parents and external behavioral experts such as a child psychotherapist. The reason for choosing an external party is that Claire will have time away from her parents where she can learn appropriate behavior without interruptions from her parents. The program is a combination of extinction and mild punishment where extinction refers to the complete elimination of temper tantrums; an issuer that is very possible as asserted by some behavioral experts. Claire will be taken into a room where she will stay there for a certain amounts of weeks. Consequently, this program will involve some kind of social contact that may eventually lead to positive reinforcements at the beginning of the session. However, with the continual application of the program, social contacts will be reduced to a bear minimum where Claire will not get a chance to interact with other persons after she begins exhibiting undesirable behavior. The program will also allow differential reinforcement in that when Claire

Report of Research of HTM editors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report of Research of HTM editors - Essay Example It supports several coding languages which gives the user the ability to create an entire website in one program. For beginners, the multi-language support allows you to see which part of your website is made up of HTML and how your CSS (cascading style sheet – or design style sheet) effects your finished page. About.com rate Komodo Edit as the best free XML editor available. It includes a lot of great features for HTML and CSS development, and extensions are available to add on languages or other useful features. 3: HTML-Kit Tools is an excellent program for experienced designers; it has a strong set of features with no frills. But it does take some time to get used to the User Interface and general navigation. It is not a WYSIWYG editor, but it does have a Preview mode where you can see code changes as you make them. Other features include color co-ordinated code indicators, and direct links to help files straight from tooltip popups that appear if you leave your cursor above a tag for a couple seconds. These make navigating unfamiliar code much easier.   Overall it is a lightweight, smooth running program that never crashes. With macros, customizable hotkeys and plug-ins available, HTML-Kit Tools can be adapted for any web project. Newcomers might find HTML-Kit Tools difficult to use, but experienced designers will be very happy with it. 4: NetObjects Fusion 11  has everything you need to build exciting interactive websites; it has earned critical praise worldwide as one of the fastest, easiest programs to build and manage Web sites. In contrast to other code-based programs, NetObjects Fusion 11 was developed for creative users: desktop publishers, graphic designers and layout specialists. From advanced Flash intros to classic HTML-based FAQ pages, NetObjects Fusion 11 can do it all. Features include WYSIWYG interface, FTP,

Behavioural Program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Behavioural Program - Essay Example Operant conditioning is founded on the premise that behavior can either be reinforced or eliminated by introducing or removing a certain commodity or thing that the subject is used to. Operant conditioning among children is usually done by eliminating the thing that they love the most such as attention. Many people have asserted that this is an authoritarian approach to raising children. However, what most of them do not realize is that the method actually works. Operant conditioning has caused behavioral transformations among various cases and the same can occur to Claire. (Dennis & Pennce, 2008) This behavioral program will be created by manipulation of Claire’s consequences so as to attain the desired result; in this case it will be to deal with Claire’s tantrum issues and her behavior which is verbally and socially inappropriate. The method will combine the efforts of Claires parents and external behavioral experts such as a child psychotherapist. The reason for choosing an external party is that Claire will have time away from her parents where she can learn appropriate behavior without interruptions from her parents. The program is a combination of extinction and mild punishment where extinction refers to the complete elimination of temper tantrums; an issuer that is very possible as asserted by some behavioral experts. Claire will be taken into a room where she will stay there for a certain amounts of weeks. Consequently, this program will involve some kind of social contact that may eventually lead to positive reinforcements at the beginning of the session. However, with the continual application of the program, social contacts will be reduced to a bear minimum where Claire will not get a chance to interact with other persons after she begins exhibiting undesirable behavior. The program will also allow differential reinforcement in that when Claire

Communication Technology And Its Impact On Social Interaction Research Paper

Communication Technology And Its Impact On Social Interaction - Research Paper Example Employees spent most of their times on computers using emails to pass information from one part to the other, rather than with their fellow colleagues. With the concern of social welfare within a work field, communication technology has led to poor communication within the workers. In addition to this reduction of face-to-face social interaction, the level of social support and belief also goes down. As the result, it leads to an exceedingly poor worker-to-worker relationships.3 This is because most people prefer using emails on their personal computers rather than face to face communication. Social Networking sites, such as MySpace, Twitter and Facebook, have taken over social networking industries for the past few years. Both young and old people have become captives of this bubonic plague used differently by people to satisfy their needs. Some people use them as advertising sites, keeping in touch with friends and relatives and updating others on what is going on in others minds t o help reach out to the public. Yes, we are the members of these social networking sites, and we can not run from the truth. What concerns people most is the way this sites have got themselves involved in the use of emails. It is evident that even this sites use email to help reach their addressee, and they also have their web pages that can be accesed via Emails. With the sites, through either emails or information displayed in the emails, one has no way of confirming that the information posted on their walls is inaccurate. This is because individuals post what is in their minds. These posts are open to be seen by all of the people one befriends. The information posted might paint either a negative or positive... This essay stresses that diffusion innovation is theoretical perspective that focuses on the adoption of new ideas, practices and technologies. According to Rogers, perception about the attributes can facilitate the rate at which a new idea is adopted. To be specific, innovation is adopted by people with positive minds if they believe that they offer an advantage over what exists; if they are compatible with the potential users’ existing values, experience, and needs; if they are perceived as being fairly easy to understand and use; if users can try them before they commit to purchase; if users can easily observe their use. Communication channels only become effective if they are efficient and convey many different type of information such as visual, verbal and non-verbal. This paper makes a conclusion that as the technology changes, it creates a greater importance of work knowledge. Communities face varying experiences. Technology has undoubtedly shaped the social interactions of people. Thus, it is beneficial if we keep ourselves updated with the manifestations about the social interactions and create opportunities to interact with others, too. This is because the world is dynamic and we have to keep pace with it. It will be good if we try to look at both positive and negative effects of what we do over those social sites, especially via the use of emails, and focus on how technology affects us a whole since the technology can kill or build individuals’ dignity at places of work or any other place.

The U.P. Jammers’ Club after Pound for Pound 2010 Essay Example for Free

The U.P. Jammers’ Club after Pound for Pound 2010 Essay U. P Jammers’ Club is an established socio-cultural organization of a well-known university. It was founded on October 8, 1991 and since then, it has brought several musical icons in the music scene. The organization aims to enhance the capabilities and skills of aspiring young musicians and form camaraderie within the group. The organization showcases annual events such as a â€Å"Freshmeat† and Pound for Pound†. The basis of this proposal report is the organization’s event which is entitled â€Å"Pound for Pound†. This activity showcases all the performing bands of the organization and also serves as a yearly evaluation for all of the members of the said group. The performances offer different musicians playing different kinds of genre. The songs are compositions of the bands included in the organization. Although the name of the said organization earned praises and recognition for the past years, the over-all performances of the members and the organization are gradually deteriorating compared to their early glorious days. Its financial status is not stable, few of the members are the only ones who are working for the development of the group, the responsibilities are not well disseminated, and many more. Regarding these problematic details, the purpose of this report is to find out why such things are occurring in the events of the organization. Focusing on a specific event such as the Pound for Pound, this paper will be dealing on finding solutions to the increasing problems of the organization. Beginning from the preparation to the assessment of the event, this will tackle all the necessary information needed for the study. Pound for Pound is an annual event of the U. P Jammers’ Club which is held every late January or early February. After the Freshmeat, which is usually held during the months of July or August, the organization should prepare for the upcoming Pound for Pound for this is considered as their major activity. As early as September, the members are expected to search for sponsors or alliances to help in financing the event. There should be a calendar of activities for members to know when to start working and when to report for the deadlines. Members should already be informed regarding their responsibilities for the event. These are few of the actions done in the past years for Pound for Pound. Unfortunately, the former batch of residences was not able to perform such tasks effectively. What seems to be the problem? The organization has a set of executive committee who is in charge of the planning and decisions. They are the ones who are assigned to designate responsibilities to their own members. If the executive committee is not intact, then all members will not participate well. At that time, there were 30 members in the organization, but seven of them, including the president are dismissed from school because of academic failure and four members filed for inactivity because of financial instability. As a result, only 19 members could work for the organization. Few only have the drive to help the organization. The dilemma seemed to root to the members. This is one of the problems of the organization. There is less manpower and motivation to work as a group. The organization, all-in-all does not have one specific goal. Most of the time, disagreements seem to develop into a more chaotic situation. There are several controversial issues within the group. The organization needs to build a team. Another problem was the delays of every task. Even though there was a prepared plan of activities, most of the time, members tend to delay deadlines because of unfinished tasks. The members adjust time instead of them adjusting with time. The tendency of the delays is to also setback all plans. The postponement of deadlines affected how members work for the organization. Members should realize the importance of professionalism while working. Third problem involves finances and expenses of the said event. The members failed to find sponsors for Pound for Pound. The organization decided to get the event’s budget in the funds of the organization. Wanting to make a good impression, the members decided to get a more expensive sound system for the event. Almost all of the funds went there. The plans of selling merchandised t-shirts, producing publicity materials and earning money were not met because there was inaccuracy in the financial plans. There was only one single plan for the event. Fourth problem involves publicity. This is one of the important parts in conducting event made for the public. Pound for Pound lacked publicity in this year. Few teasers were produced, there were no tarpaulins and the tickets were distributed late. Speaking of tickets, the tickets were more expensive compared to other Pound for Pound events. The public did not want to spend so much making it difficult to sell them. Based upon this situation, Pound for Pound had only few audiences compared to other events done by them. There was discrepancy with the financial records afterwards making it harder to deal with problems regarding finances. Although Pound for Pound made it until the end, it was not very satisfactory. Methodology (Discussions) There are several solutions to this dilemma. First, the organization should work on the internal issues. This is the most important, but most difficult matter to resolve. The U. P Jammers’ Club is considered as a group of individuals. In order to develop a group, one has to understand how a group works. Bruce Tuckman’s four stages of Group Development could help in studying and understanding the group. Tuckman formulated four stages on how to successfully manage a group. The first stage called â€Å"Forming† states the ability of individuals to work with others but avoid such conflicts in a group. People have the desire to be accepted by others so they tend to avoid controversies. Second stage involves â€Å"Storming† wherein more conflicts will arise and individuals will begin to feel their differences and preferences. The third stage â€Å"Norming† is a stage wherein the members of the group are learning to accept each other’s dissimilarities. They begin to become a more cohesive and effective group. â€Å"Performing† is the final stage of Tuckman’s Group Development. Not all groups could arrive to this stage. This is a state where everyone knows each other. Flexibility and Interdependence is developed. Work with team buildings, gatherings and the like to keep the bonding within the members. Know the differences of each other and adjust with them. If there is harmony within the members, working will be easier. Organize. Plan. Act. Organize the members. Know their roles and responsibilities. Be strict with deadlines. Create a plan of activities for the said event and monitor it regularly. Disseminate all the tasks orderly. Let the members know what they have to do and monitor them too. Giving reminders and updates could help in motivating them to work. Think of the possible things that could happen and plan ahead. List all of the possible sponsors and work with it. An event would not be possible if there is not enough budget allotted for it. Use the organization’s resources to help in canvassing equipments needed. Act upon the planned tasks. Encourage members to participate. Give them a little pressure so they could feel responsible for the given tasks. Learn how to prioritize. Most members were said to be inactive because of the failure to meet their academic requirement. Another matter to change is this one. During the past years, good standing is encouraged for members. In this present time, the organization should also monitor this matter. Set limitations. Qualifications The PuRep Agency, a public relations firm, once conducted an event which was similar to Pound for Pound, except, it was better. They were composed of only 5 active members who wanted to create an entertainment for the public. They got bands from the U. P Jammers’ Club and prepared all the necessary operations in less than a month. The agency worked with this event which they called â€Å"Tune up†. They made most of the methods included in this report. This just proves that the proposed methods are effective and possible. Before they even started working, they prepared 3 sets of plans in case problems occur. The agency worked with double effort in looking for sponsors. This means that the organization could look for more major sponsors if they would work on it immediately. All went well and smoothly. Costs (Projected Expenses for the next Pound for Pound) Expenses Amount Team Building 500. 00 Sound System 6000. 00 Venue 3000. 00 Publicity (tarpaulins, t-shirts, teasers, leaflets) 2000. 00 Miscellaneous (transportation, letters, others) 1000. 00 - TOTAL 12500. 00 Schedule Section Month Activity Time August Team Building 1hr activity per week (any convenient day) September Planning 1hr of meeting per week (assigned day) October Release of Sponsorship letter 1 meeting November Look for Sound System and Venue 1st week (canvassing) December Updates 2nd week (2 hrs) Report organizational status Sponsors, Sound System, Venue January Event 4th week (5 hrs) Conclusion This report therefore concludes the solution to U. P Jammers’ Club’s Pound for Pound internal and external dilemma. Group Development is needed to strengthen the credibility of the organization. Plan ahead and act as professional as possible. This proposal would change the way the organization works as a group. Like the PuRep Agency, anything is impossible as long as the group has a single goal. Any organization can succeed as long as they’re united.

Social movements and public opinion on gender issues

Social movements and public opinion on gender issues Social movements are loosely formed groupings of individuals which are usually formed with the aim of campaigning for or against the implementation of a certain issue in the society. Social movements do not have standard sizes because some may be made up of few individuals while others may cover even the whole part of the world. The size of the movement generally depends on the issues that are being debated at the time of its formation. Such movements are generally governed by the spontaneous coming together of people guided by no rules of regulations but rather by the common cause that brings the together (Saunders Walter, 2005). Some of the hottest topics that mostly capture the agendas of most western social movements include freedom of expressions, economic independence, and gender equality among others. The purpose of this study is to identify social movements that address issues related to gender and how such movements have affected gender. This will be possible by analyzing t he political environment that led to the existence of the social movements being discussed. The study will also seek to identify some of the impacts that the movements have head in the society at large (Love, 2006). Womens Suffrage, Ecofeminism and Womens liberations movements are some of the social movements identified in this study that have some effect on gender issues and how the society addresses issues related to women. Womens suffrage for instance is a social movements formed in the early 18th century to advocate for women to vote and run for public offices. This social movement has its basis on the era in which women were discriminated and considered to be too weak to hold any public office with diligence (Chapman, 2009). Such a movement called for the reformation of the economic and political spheres so that women could have equal competing field with men. Additionally, the movement also articulated for the honoring of women by being given equal rights as men in the ownership of property, payment of tax among other rights. Evidence point out that New Zealand became the first nation to vote for a woman to hold public office as a result of this social movement (Saunders Walter, 2005). The existence of the Womens Suffrage as a social movement clearly points out the nature of the political environment at those times to have been discriminative against women. Women were generally not allowed not to hold any public office and they had no right to own property. Generally, women were treated as if they did not have any say regarding their rights. However, the emergence of this movement drastically changed the perspective of the society towards women (Saunders Walter, 2005). The fact that women became part of leaders and held public offices is a clear indication that the social movement had a positive effect on the society because they ended up accepting the facts given by the social movement. The change also had the effect of changing the political structures of nations that accepted the calls made by the social movement. Ecofeminism is another social movement that has been shown to have a significant impact on the society. This movement indicates that there exists a commonality between environmentalism and being a woman. According to the proponents of this movement, there is a relationship between the way women are oppressed in the society and the destruction of nature through the creation of concepts that may indicate how inferior women are inferior to men (Chapman, 2009). This social movement explores or existed in a society that believed that men are always superior over women. Such a political environment is seen to have perpetuated social inequalities like racism among others. The brainchild of this movement was driven by the fact that the same intellect that promotes the destruction of the environment. The existence of ecofeminism describes the political environment in twofold. Women were being oppressed and discriminated in all manners possible. It also shows that there was environmental degradation that would ultimately threaten human existence. The coming of this social movement changed the societys perspective by improving the interrelationships between human beings. Additionally, the movement is seen as one of the factors that led to the extinction of discrimination on the basis of gender. Consciousness about caring for the environment also developed due to the coming up of the social movement (Love, 2006). Womens liberation movement is another social movement distinct from the feminism or ecofeminism which began to develop in the early 1960s. The social movement was formed to fight for all the possible women rights that may have been violated at the time of its formation. The movement was strengthened through the formation of two bodies in the United States. The National Organization of Women and Equal Rights Amendment were formed with the aim championing for the honoring of the rights of women. The political environment during the formation of the social movement clearly indicates how the rights of women we not being respected (Chapman, 2009). However, the existence of this social movement is seen to have changed the perspective of the society regarding the ways in which they could be able to treat women equally as men. This may have been the reason that led to the formation of the two bodies to oversee the fact that the rights of women were respected. Social movements are important bodies of the society because they address issues that dealt unfairly in the society. The ones related to gender are seen to champion for the respect of the rights of women in a society and a political environment that despises them (Love, 2006). The social movements identified in this study are seen to have facilitated the eradication of vices like racial and gender discrimination among others. The nature of the political environment is seen to facilitate the formation of a social movement in the sense that whenever the rights of a particular groups are infringed, the afflicted groups may be forced to from a movement that will champion for the ir rights (Saunders Walter, 2005).