The Sociological and Psychological Perspective to Child...

The sociological and psychological perspective to child and family health in the wider context. The purpose of this essay is to critically assess current health and care policies for children in a pre-school setting and their family. It will also have reference to the bio-psycho- social model and its connection from social and psychological perspectives of children’s experience to their health and illness. It will also cover the importance of promoting optimum health and well being within the nursery for both child and parent. To begin with some people believe that we, as humans, are complex systems and that illness is caused by a multitude of factors and not by a single causal factor (Banyard 1996 pp 29-31). This approach†¦show more content†¦(HMSO 2004). And also with a link to the Common Assessment Framework (2005) and the Early Years Foundation Stage (DCSF 2008) Research by The Guardian found that only forty per cent of social workers felt that the Every Child Matters framework had made their jobs easier. Seventy two percent acknowledged that it had improved the quality of care for children and seventy four percent said that it improved joint working with other professionals. (Winchester 2009). Therefore the main findings by The Guardian is that more attention is being given to how children are achieving in school and to ensuring they get the help they need, rather than just accepting that children have had difficult experiences, or have been in care thus ensuring that a child doesnt suffer any more disadvantage as a result. Contrary to this David Hoyle (2010 pp 68-70) believes that there is a problem with the Every Child Matters Framework and he states that... â€Å"It relates only to the 150 local authority areas in England – no parallel legislation has been put before the Welsh or Northern Ireland Assemblies, or the Scottish Parliament†. Therefore this raises various issues for children, young people and families who move between England and other states of the United Kingdom, simply because they will notice different entitlements andShow MoreRelatedPlanning Leisure Activities for Disadvantaged Groups Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesdisadvantaged groups it is essential to consider both the sociological and psychological factors that may influence participation. A short stay excursion to a Melbourne Cup race can be used to highlight the complexities involved in providing equitable leisure opportunities that combat both low social class and disability. As this excursion will highlight, despite the psychological benefits of leisure, young people with a disability face multiple sociological barriers to leisure choices and participation. WhenRead MoreUnderstanding Of Psychosocial Perspectives Within Health And Social Care2159 Words   |  9 Pagesof an understanding of psychosocial perspectives within health and social c are In this assignment I aim to discuss the sociological and psychological theories applicable to mental health practice. The sociological theories I will discuss are poverty and social stratification and the psychological theories will be attachment and social learning. I will base this on the John case study and will also look at the social, cultural, environmental and psychological factors that may have had an impact onRead MoreLoss and Grief Essay3238 Words   |  13 Pagesand understanding. Elizabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross: first introduced her ‘grief cycle model’ in 1969. Commonly known as the ‘five stages of grief’ it served as an initial framework identifying five stages of emotional and psychological response to bereavement, grief and loss. However the wider significance of her work has been the realisation that people go through similar responses when faced with lesser – but still significant changes in their working and personal lives. Kubler-Ross suggested five phasesRead MoreAdolescence: Developmental Psychology and Social Work Practice3506 Words   |  15 Pagesdisadvantages of viewing behaviour through the life-span perspective for social practise? ADOLESCENCE The author’s aim is to outline the advantages as well as disadvantages in adolescence behaviour and human development processes across people life span, and particular adolescence. This essay will look at the different models, theories of social work and the factors that may have influence social work practice. The physical, psychological, socio-cultural, environmental and politico-economical areRead MoreHealth: Sociology and Social Care9095 Words   |  37 PagesHNC/D Health and Social Care ------------------------------------------------- UNIT DIRECTORY Unit title: COMMUNICATING IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE ORGANISATIONS Unit code: T/601/1560 Level: 4 Credit value: 15 ------------------------------------------------- AIMS The aim of this unit is to develop learners’ awareness of different forms of communication used in health and social care settings and its importance for effective service delivery. UNIT ABSTRACT Read MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Commentary1992 Words   |  8 Pagesit even more challenging to gain a deeper insight to what the real need of the service user is (Warren, 2007). It then became incredibly overwhelming, having to gain Jane’s perspective of her situation as I actively listened to her story, especially the impact of her situation to not just her whole life, but the entire family (Koprowska, 2008). The fact that they could not easily access the community due to Sam’s violent behaviour, resulting in their becoming increasingly marginalised, made JaneRead MoreMarriage Guidance: Summary Notes19959 Words   |  80 PagesA partner should choose the person above all others at all times. → A partner should allow the person to continue to take part in all the activities that he/she was involved in before the relationship began. Introjected expectations bought from family of origin, society and media are unrealistic myths. Expectations about roles and responsibilities → Traditionally- culture defined, prescribed and allocated non-negotiable rules and duties, often according to gender. → Today – more egalitarianRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy in Malaysia5374 Words   |  22 PagesAfter approximately 38 weeks, the foetus is ready to be born. The Sociological Theories in Teen Pregnancy For this social issue, we believe that the Symbolic Interaction Approach and also the Structural-Functional Approach is most suitable in dissecting the problem at hand. Why symbolic interaction and also structural functional approach you may ask? By definition, a symbolic interaction approach is a theory that describes the family as a unit of interacting personalities. This theory focuses attentionRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesgrew up in Jamaica at a time when Rastas were still regarded as useless, lazy, half-insane, ganja-smoking illiterates who were of no value to society. Teachers, students, ofï ¬ ce workers, and anyone of social importance could not grow locks, and families would go into mourning when their sons would start sprouting them. I heard the term â€Å"black heart man† used again and again as a means of expressing fear or ridicule of the Rastafarian. And this was in the early 1970s—after Bob Marleys emergenceRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesobservational checklists. In this way, the researcher is able to discover the recurring patterns of behavior and relationships. After these patterns are identified and described through early analysis of field notes, checklists become more appropriate and context-sensitive. Focused observation then is used at later stages of the study, usually to see, for example, if analytic themes explain behavior and relationships over a long time or in a variety of settings. Observation is a fundamental and highly important

The Theory Of Growth And Development - 1499 Words

According to Balami (2006) In the long run, the rate of growth of (per capita) GDP is determined by population growth and the rate of technical progress. Higher investment can speed up growth temporarily, but as the capital-output ratio rises, an increased proportion of GDP needs to be invested to equip the increasing labour force, and the capital-output ratio converges towards a finite limit, however high a proportion of GDP is invested. Low investment slows down growth, but the capital-output ratio falls towards a lower limit which is always positive for positive investment. iii) The Lewis Theory of Growth/Development According to Todaro and Stephen (2011) one of the best-known early theoretical models of development that focused on the structural transformation of a primarily subsistence economy was that formulated by Nobel laureate W. Arthur Lewis in the mid-1950s and later modified, formalized, and extended by John Fei and Gustav Ranis in 1997. The Lewis two-sector model became the general theory of the development process in surplus-labour developing nations during most of the 1960s and early 1970s, and it is sometimes still applied, particularly to study the recent growth experience in China and labour markets in other developing countries. In the Lewis model, the underdeveloped economy consists of two sectors: a traditional, overpopulated rural subsistence sector characterized by zero marginal labour productivity-a situation that permits Lewis to classify this asShow MoreRelatedLife Course Development Theory Studies Growth and Adaptation879 Words   |  3 PagesLife course development theory involves the study of growth and adaption from birth to death. The studies look into how lives develop through time and investigating the effects of change. Many limitations present in the field of human development years ago inspired changes to the studies involving the models of development specifically focusing on child development and that didn’t relate to a developing organism in adult stages. This theory takes into account factors like cohort effects, the individual’sRead MoreA Brief Note On The Growth Theory And The Dual Sector Model Of Economic Development Essay3646 Words   |  15 Pages ENDOGENOUS GROWTH THEORY BY MARTIN RIITHO MAINA KCA 14/02073 A Term Paper submitted to Prof. Joseph Ongeri in fulfilment Of the requirements for the course Advanced Macro-Economics, as credit towards the degree of Master of Science (Finance and Economics) KCA UNIVERSITY November, 2014 â€Æ' TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 Abstract.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.†¦..3 1.1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........................................4 2.0 Literature review: Models†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreErikson’s theory of growth and development had eight very distinct stages. His theory assumes that600 Words   |  3 PagesErikson’s theory of growth and development had eight very distinct stages. His theory assumes that a life crisis occurs during each stage of development. In Erikson’s case the crises are psychosocial in nature because they include the psychological needs of a person that conflict with societal needs. In the theory it states that successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and certain strengths that help one’s ego resolve sticky situations throughout life. Failure to completeRead MoreDiscuss How Theories of Human Growth and Development Can Help Understand Human Behaviour.2824 Words   |  12 PagesDiscuss how theories of human growth and development can help understan d human behaviour. Human growth and development is studied and researched with differing perspectives. There are many ways human growth and development can be looked at. Certain disciplines, such as, biology, psychology and sociology all have opposing viewpoints on the subject. The psychological viewpoint concentrates on the different processes of the mind, whereas, the biological approach is centred on genetics and environmentalRead MoreChild Development Reflection Paper1332 Words   |  6 PagesCourse Reflection In this course, I have learned theories of child development, principles of growth and development, prenatal development, infancy, toddlerhood, three-four-and five years old, six-seven-and eight years old, middle childhood, adolescence: thirteen to nineteen years old, and where and when to seek help. I really enjoyed the adolescence: thirteen to nineteen years old chapter the most because, people tend to forget that even though they in high school their brains are still growingRead MoreThe Theory Of Economic Development Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesThe theory of economic development has equipped the underdeveloped countries with a choice between ‘balanced’ and ‘unbalanced’ growth that has been one of the most tendentious topics. One group advocates the theory of Balanced Growth and refutes, in almost unequivocal terms, the virtues and utility of the doctrine of Unbalanced Growth, which the other group endorses with great insistence. These approaches towa rds economic development have been expounded and interpreted in various ways in the literatureRead MoreBehaviorism Theory On The Theory Of Behaviorism Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the theories we have studied this semester in Knowing and Learning in Mathematics and Science is the Behaviorism theory. The behaviorism theory states that behaviorism is a theory on learning that only concentrates on noticeably observable behaviors and disregards any independent activities of the mind. The Behaviorism theory was brought up by Burrhus Frederic Skinner. He based this theory on operant conditioning. This theory has a reinforcing stimulus which can be modified into continuousRead MoreDeveloping Countries During World War II1547 Words   |  7 Pagescountries has increased. The growing link between these two groups of economies increased eventually in addition to the increase in the rate of dependability amongst them. With the rapid growth in wealth and industrialization of the Firs t World, only a few developing countries managed to have adequate economic growth on the line of the developed countries. Many of the developing countries which were poor at that time still remained to be poor today even today in comparison to the industrialized nationsRead MorePhysical Development Of The Physical Brain And Body1375 Words   |  6 PagesMeyers 2016, p.171). Physical development in early childhood is; awareness of space, body and movement (Rogers Wright 2015, p. 24), development of motor capabilities and physical growth (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). From birth to two years, children are experiencing physical change; size and weight, brain development and refinement of motor skills (Berk Meyers 2016, p. 5). The environment, social and genetic aspects all have an influence on the physical development of children (Tatiana et al. 2017Read MoreThe Effects of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Bronfenbrenner’s Ec ological Theory Kathleen A. Gebert Capella University Abstract Urie Bronfenbrenner Ecological Theory suggests that child growth and development started and ended with a layer of ecological systems. The systems consists of microsytem (family or classroom), meosystem (two microsystem interacting such as neighborhood and family), exosystem (external environments that affect a child’s growth i.e. parents workplace), macrosystem (the larger society cultural environment)

Golden gates and Oliver Cromwells Essay Example For Students

Golden gates and Oliver Cromwells Essay Progressively growing on the map, a civilised community continually taking in new members of our social community as this large town fights for city status. Fortunately for those busy estate agents, recently built up areas with modern houses have being duefully finished, but still preserving historical places and monuments such as the Golden gates and Oliver Cromwells safe house for all you historical folk. A combination of the countries largest indoor market, town shops and a large new indoor shopping complex in the Golden Square makes this the ideal location to start a family and quiet life. The woodland is continuously preserved with Sankey Valley Park for the environmentalists among you, housing all kind of creatures of nature and let many areas fall under the influence of nature to give our community a greener environment. With a motorway splitting the two regions of Warrington and leading to both the illustrious Manchester and Liverpool making this also an incredible location for travelling workmen who have jobs situated here, commuting has never been easier. For those who carve safety for their children there is a fully healthy hospital and friendly schools who will educate your children to the highest level, whatever path they take. Depending on what you expect, this town can be portrayed and social and quaint, but others may view it as boisterous or something it aspires to be. However, despite my honesty, I truly recommend you give Warrington a chance. A supportive community will duly take you in despite your past, and show you the hospitality and respect they expect. There are numerous local events to involve in, whatever your tastes. There are several ranked golf courses designed by seasoned professionals to provide you the best golfing environment for those juniors to hone their natural talents. There are dozens of leisure centres and kids activity building for both you and your children to have fun and stay in shape through youre none working hours and gain control of your perfect figure once more. For all you lovely ladies there are a state of the art shopping centre consisting of New Look, Debenhams and a lingerie store. Once more, for any of the more adventurous looking for wider landscapes, there are regular bus routes connecting us to the rest of the North West regions. For film fanatics or a romantic couple, there are two cinemas for you to enjoy a film or your first date. Like many of us here we are very open and this review is no different. For the youngsters enjoying the most famous sport of all, football there are loads of teams to choose from, even though at senior level we specialise in rugby, with the Wolves in the top league division for those looking for banter and a fun night out. A successful connection point joining the big cities allowing people to add to previously established friend groups with the hundreds of men and women that join the Warrington society every year. This adds to the communal and family atmosphere our caring parents strive to achieve in protection for their loved ones. The expansion of good will and religious nature will assist those previously troubled find their feet and welfare and will help anyone in need of it, despite the level of difficulty. Our very own Canon Christopher Cunningham will take regular services for anyone looking to God to help them in this life and the next. However, as every town or city possesses, Warrington does have its bad points. There are few nightclubs which make town dangerous surroundings at night with drunks and people high on drugs roaming the dark alleys that nobody contains the nerve to pass by. Knives are regularly being recovered from the streets and there is a large prison situated on the outskirts of Warrington, but obviously, posing no surreal threat. .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 , .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 .postImageUrl , .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 , .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1:hover , .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1:visited , .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1:active { border:0!important; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1:active , .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1 .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u39b5955658c1bfbba0ce934cbe0fa8f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Business Ethics EssayFraud and corruption in currency has been allocated in Warrington and the systems are clogged with fake notes and hopefully cause no inconvenience. Lots of busy roads youngsters need to be aware of and school rivalry and tensions are continually very high, and reports of fights are few and far between. Despite this, Warrington, during the day still has a loving community which everyone aims to be a part of. In my opinion, the relocation of your family or yourself to Warrington completely depends on your career and lifestyle choice. This town is too large for large firms but you could still settle here and commute to work in the larger cities surrounding Warrington. A strong communal atmosphere provides a safe and well protected environment for any vulnerable children or adults coming to the newly extended Warrington. Our rugby team, Warrington Wolves, could be argued as one of the best league sides in the world, so to be respected as a Warringtonian is a huge privilege. Tragic events, such as the bombings in our town centre, killing two innocent boys, brought our town closer together in unison and discrimination or abuse of any kind is irregular and anybody, of any shape or size can be trusted and respected in our community. Please, for any reason at all, give Warrington a chance to steal your heart, as it has to the 200,000+ before. What an on going community. You can be part of it

Abigail Adams (718 words) Essay Example For Students

Abigail Adams (718 words) Essay Abigail AdamsAbigail AdamsAbigail Adams was a unique woman becauseshe had an education and an interest in politics. She learned how to readand write and enjoyed poems most. She was also very resourceful by helpingher husband on difficult problems. Abigail was born on November 11 on theJulian calendar, or November 22 on the modern Gregorian calendar. Abigailhad two sisters named Mary and Elizabeth or Betsy. She had one brothernamed William or Billy. Abigails name was originally Abigail Smith. Eachbaby was baptized on the first Sabbath of its life and was recorded intheir parish records. Abigail live in a comfortable house. When Abigailwas sixteen, her father added a wing that was bigger than the originalbuilding to make room for the children, servants, and visitors. When Isay servants it means that they were probably slaves but were called servantsto avoid the dehumanizing effect that the word slave can mean. Theirhouse was a sight of luxury in the eyes of the common folk in the parish. Though they lived well, the Smiths had no fortune. Abigails father oftenworked with his own hands, planting corn and potatoes, gathering hay, sowingbarley, or making sure that his sheep received proper care. Abigail, withthe help of her family grew a very religious bond between each other anda long lasting friendship. Abigail never went to a real school becauseof poor health. So, she learned at home. Her fathers library was not big,but she still went to it to read books. Abigails favorite books were novelsby Samuel Richardson. Abigails father knew John Adams by working withhim and she grew rather close to him starting a wedding. This now madeher name Abigail Adams. Their wedding was held on October 25, 1764, a monthbefore her twentieth birthday. John was a lawyer and very often was notat home due to court cases he had to attend to. When Abigail was pregnantwith her first son, John was only at home for eight out of the nine months. The baby was born on a hot day on the morning of July 14, 1765. The babysname was Abigail, but was called Nabby. She was with her parents whenshe had the baby. Shortly after, she was again pregnant. July 11, 1767,she delivered a healthy boy named John Quincy. John Adams soon moved hisfamily to Boston to be closer to his important clients and the center ofpolitical action. In Boston, Abigail had two more children. one named Susanna,who died thirteen months later, and Charles who was born healthy at theend of May 1770. John Adams sent everyone in his enlarged family back tothere old house because of the recent Boston Massacre happening. WhileAbigail was there, She had her last son named Thomas. John soon boughta brick house back in Boston and moved everyone back in. Abigail startedteaching the children to read and write. John told Abigail almost everything thathe knew and went to her for political problems. He understood what shecould understand and trusted her. Abigail became the most informed womanon public affairs in the nation. On August 10, 1774, Abigail parted withJohn as he left to attend the Congress called at Philadelphia to try andunite the colonies against Great Britains plan to punish Boston and Massachusetts. Though her sons would not be of military age for another decade, Abigaildreaded war, in which only God knew what would happen. When the shots atLexington and Concorde were fired, John was again off to the Congress andcautioned Abigail that she should fly to the woods with the childrenif the British attacked Boston. Abigail prayed for the war and on June17 John Quincy and Abigail went to Bunker Hill and watched the roar ofthe cannons and saw the flames of burning Charleston atop of Penns Hillnear where they lived. Soon they learned of the British losses and howgreater they were, but Abigail knew someone named Dr. Warren who died. .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .postImageUrl , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:hover , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:visited , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:active { border:0!important; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:active , .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02 .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8c3b67b7777465d2875a962a425b3f02:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: World hunger EssayHe helped John Quincy from the loss of his finger. Abigail wrote many lettersto her husband and it became a way of life for her. She was always keepingJohn up to date with whats happening at the immediate point in time. Abigailsometimes called herself Mrs. Delegate because she was the wife of aRevolutionary leader. Abigail continued to keep in tact with her husbandthroughout the war. She also was very political. Then later she led a veryproductive life.

Marketing Communication at Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies

Introduction Contemporary business settings are characterised by dynamic competition trends that have compelled companies to implement robust communication strategies.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marketing Communication at Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Businesses such as the Benetton Group and Yeo Valley are examples of organisations that have been forced to implement various marketing objectives using different theoretical frameworks that define their advertising strategies. The circumstances under which the marketing strategies have been executed have resulted in either advantages or disadvantages to the companies. Some of the marketing strategies that have been applied in marketing include campaigns and shock value advertising techniques. However, the way in which the advertising techniques are applied to the targeted audience and environment can be unfavourable. T his essay provides an analysis of the marketing communication strategies that have been implemented in the Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies by examining their impacts on the society and environment. Advertising Objectives of the Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies Communication strategies play a critical role in any business that is deemed to accomplish its operational goals. A critical analysis of the Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies provide a clear understanding of the advertising objectives that are geared towards the promotion of their esteemed products. The Yeo Valley Company has executed its advertisement strategies based on six core objectives that include basic goal achievement, information, persuasion, message, communication, and recapitulating consumers (De Pelsmacker, Geuens, Van den Bergh 2010). However, the management of the company realised that the consumers were unaware of the organic products among other brands. In addition, they constantly swayed by negative perce ptions that the organic products were expensive (Belch Belch 2011).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This situation compelled the company to inform consumers about the dairy product with a view of improving its sales volume (Stevens, Kearney, Maclaran 2013). Through its management, the company also realised that the constant information that was passed to consumers ensured transparent operations. Persuasion has been used as advertisement tool in an attempt to fit in the highly competitive UK market. In this strategy, it is assumed that the information created in the minds of consumers remain permanent for repeat businesses. As a result, the messages should be unique, impressing, and pleasant (Belch Belch 2011). The advertising objective of Benetton Company is different from the normal purposes of advertisement. The company tends to embrace provocation and controversia l advertising techniques. Their principal advertising goals are based on creating the awareness of social issues globally using the â€Å"shock value† advertising approach (SandÄ ±kcÄ ± 2011; Hall 2010). The theoretical frameworks that explain strategies of Benetton and Yeo Valley companies Theories of Social Learning and Selective Perception The social learning theory has been broadly used in the Benetton Group. The creative designer, Mr. Toscani, identified that many customers had a high affinity for information that was acquired through processes such as surveillance, ridicules, and demonstration. This situation led to the acquisition of varying purchasing behaviours amongst the consumers. This theory explains that most consumers learnt through observing the conducts of others (Belch Belch 2011). A marketing strategy that was used by the creative manager the Benetton Group targeted adolescents from diverse cultural backgrounds and geographical locations (Borgerson 2009) . The plan was to outfit the individuals in dissimilar shades that were developed by the organisation.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Marketing Communication at Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This set of circumstances revealed a culture of unity that was being upheld by the management. The consumers readily commended the operations of the company by sending them praise messages. The strategies were meant for changing the viewpoints of the consumers on the products of the company’s brand. This state of play improved the recognition of the brand across transcultural and geographical boundaries that led to opening of more branches in France, Germany, England, Japan, and other places (Servaes Tamayo 2013). The modern society composed of consumers who are faced with environmental, medical, social, racial, and economic issues among others. Such matters can insight a se nse of powerlessness (Virvilaite Matuleviciene 2013). This situation raises a need for creating awareness of the predicaments and various ways of alleviating them to the society. For example, a picture portrays the reality of an issue. Some advertisements that were used by the company featured partisan issues while others emphasised on maladies such as AIDs. At one instance, the creative manager conducted an advertisement using the photograph of a victim that was taken at the point of death. The opinions of the consumers on the products were different as some asserted that the adverts boosted the sales while others had developed negative attitudes towards the advertisements concerning racism, homosexuality, and slavery. An example is an advert used by the company where a white child was being breastfed by a black woman. To some customers, this situation reminded them of the slavery time while others perceived it as unity among different coloured people (Brennan Binney 2010).Advert ising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Benetton Group has also adopted the theory of selective perception. The approach to advertising holds that individuals have a tendency of choosing, analysing, and categorising various situations based on the external business settings with a view of developing apt solutions to perceived problems (Rideout 2011). The model also reveals that consumers only consider some characteristics of the market environment. Through this theory, the management noted that consumers unintentionally chose information based on their perceptions that were derived from past occurrences. Most of its consumers gave different opinions concerning the techniques of advertisement that were used in the company. The perceptions of consumers concerning such advertisements guide their reactions towards the brand (Ailawadi et al. 2009; Belch Belch 2011). Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour The tenets of the reasoned action and planned behaviour models entail dogmas that guide the determination of consumer conducts that have direct or indirect influence on the advertisement practices of the company (Belch Belch 2011). They are also based on the assumption that the considerations and perceptions of culture by different individuals can lead to the endorsement or condemnation of particular advertisement strategies. Finally yet importantly, it is also assumed that the dogmas that are held by particular individuals determine the choices of accepting or rejecting the behaviours of others (Drumwright Murphy 2009). On the other hand, the Yeo Valley Company determined that some consumers were guided by defined philosophies, insolences, and perceptions of specific products. This situation led to the association of organic products with extravagance. This situation led to a partial purchase of products from the company (Belch Belch 2011). After the implementation of the theories of planned behaviour and reasoned action, the sales of the organic products eventually started increase g radually. This state of affairs resulted from the changed perceptions, thinking, and behaviour of the consumers towards the dairy products owing to the advertisements that were enticing and entertaining (Belch Belch 2011). The reasoned action theory postulates that a person’s intention to perform a duty is influenced by its attitude towards such actions and the norms that are held by such an individual. The Yeo Valley Company successfully implemented this theory in carrying out their promotional campaigns. A research that was done by the company indicated that most consumers were unaware of most organic products such as yoghurt brands. Others also felt that such products were expensive; hence, spending a lot in them was unnecessary. The attitudes of both consumers and staff were seen as the main factors that contributed to the low brand awareness. The management changed their plans towards ensuring brand awareness. This practice was done by embracing the theory of reasoned a ction to modify the consumers’ attitudes towards costs and organic dairy products. The advantages of the organic products included their state of being environmental friendly, relatively cheap, and convenient. Such properties improved the sales significantly (Dzewaltowski 2010). Theory of planned behaviour has also been embraced by the Yeo Valley Company to not only increase the knowledge and brand awareness but also to change the attitude and perceived norms towards the organic products. The implementation of this theory led to the prediction of a number of consumer behaviours and attitudes towards the dairy product. A perceived change in their attitudes was deemed crucial in promoting the sales volume of the brand. The Advantages and Disadvantages of the advertising campaign that Benetton used for many years, and the type of companies that use shock value advertising effectively The advertisement campaigns used by the Benetton Company received both positive and negative imp acts on almost equal magnitudes. The major idea that was implemented in the advertisement process was unique since it embraced lifestyle instead of the usual brand recognition techniques. One of the advantageous aspects of the various advertisements used was that the company promoted peace and racial harmony. This situation was evident where teenagers and children from diverse cultural backgrounds around the world were dressed in colourful Benetton attires (Sokolowski 2010). In addition, a launch was conducted with two slogans namely â€Å"All the colours of the World† and â€Å"United Colours of Benetton† with a view of promoting both the colourful clothing designs of the company and world’s cultural diversity. Another advantage was the positive promotion of relevant aspects of life. This practice was done intentionally to switch the focus of viewers and consumers to embrace relevant matters that pertained to the public (Frunza 2015). Most posters and other tec hniques of advertisement showed various aspects of life that were unadulterated and uncensored. This set of circumstances ensured a positive change of attitude towards people’s social responsibilities in life. Such advertisements addressed social problems such as war deaths, AIDS as a crisis, environmental issues, political violence, and war exiles among others. Strong brand awareness and image reputation were also brought to the Benetton Company due to the use of shock advertising campaigns (Virvilaite Matuleviciene 2013). Most consumers were attentive to the various news and controversies that existed. As a result, many viewers and consumers worldwide regarded the company as socially responsive. This situation made the company improve its publicity. The Benetton Company standing also elevated owing to a particular advertisement that featured in a renowned colour magazine concerning the youths. The advertisement was written in diverse dialects in an attempt to address racia l segregation by embracing a common understanding among varied groups of people. Besides the above benefits that were associated with the company’s advertisement techniques, various disadvantages were also identified. At the outset, advertisements that addressed people’s ideas offended many consumers. For example, many people criticised some advertisements that had the Blacks and Whites in the same photos. Some of the viewers perceived the situation as a reminder of slavery and exploitation by the UK and the USA. The Black women breastfed White babies during the slavery periods; hence, the situation portrayed slavery aspects. The company’s management successfully addressed the critics by maintaining that the photographs symbolised togetherness, goodwill, and oneness. Another disadvantage was portrayed by the Benetton Company’s advertisements concerning religious and sexual conflicts where an advert portrait displayed a priest kissing a nun. In addition, t wo children demonstrated an immoral conflict where a White child represented an angel while the Black child represented a devil. The Black child had his hair done in such a way to show the horns of a devil. This state of art indicated stereotyping of god and evil in the society. The Types of Companies that should use â€Å"Shock Value† Advertisement Every business has an objective to achieve its advertisement objectives in an attempt to ensure improved sales and sustained productivity. This situation can be achieved through excellent marketing techniques (Wang, Yu, Wei 2012). One aspect that ensures the promotion of various businesses is shock advertising that entails the use of graphic imageries and blunt slogans to advertising public policies, goods, and services among other functions. However, sometimes the advertisement can be provocative, crass, and politically contradicting. According to Morgan (2013), most of the public issues that are related to health such as the pr omotion of STD prevention, discouragement of drug abuse, and creating the awareness of gender or racial discrimination among others are advertised using shock advertisements. Companies that perform low in their various business activities should implement the shock value advertisement (Kautonen, Van Gelderen, Tornikoski 2013). The poor performance of such entities can be due to lack of brand awareness or inadequate information on brands. Such companies can be in a position to revive their performance in the markets using advertisement and promotions that catch immediate attentions. They use shock-advertising techniques to create an emotional connection with customers to ensure awareness of brands and for the publicity of such enterprises. Urwin and Venter (2014) posit that organisations that embrace the awareness of social issues as their main objectives should be allowed to use the shock-value advertisement techniques solely. For instance, companies that promote good behaviours fo r the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and prohibition of drug and alcohol abuse should conduct the practice. Charities and non-profit organisations are some of the well-known entities that embrace ‘shockvertising’ as a form of Public Service Announcement (PSA). Analysis of the Yeo Valley Advertisement Campaign in the year 2010 and the Churned â€Å"Forever† Campaign in 2011 The modern marketing concepts heavily rely on communication that is directed towards customer satisfaction, which is perceived based on their behaviours, beliefs, tastes, and preferences as well as their cultural backgrounds among others (Mathews-Wadhwa 2012). Marketing communication ensures an effective application of various factors that include persuasion, goal orientation, excellent contact points, and information conveyance (Hackley 2010). The communication process entails various steps that ensure successful transmission of information. The process entails encoding of the inf ormation by the sender who uses a selected channel to pass it to the receiver. The receiver decodes the message and provides feedback. Prior to the advertisement campaign carried out by the Yeo Valley (sender), the company first identified a problem (consumer perceptions of expensive, organic products) that needed a solution. A plan that entailed the use of internet and television to advertise the product was initiated (Carayannis, Samara, Bakouros 2015). This plan was designed to reverse the consumers’ ideas to prefer the dairy products. The company preferred the use of market communication by putting into consideration an open, soft, fun, and sociable language to address consumers. The brand (Yeo Valley) was designed to ensure that consumers approached the brands of dairy products that were offered to them. To harmonise the use of the brand and customer expectations, the company also focused on changing the face of the organic food categories. This product was made availab le to every consumer in the UK region (Minowa, Maclaran, Stevens 2014). The Yeo Valley Company developed its own YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter links that featured interviews, recipes, various advertisements, and footages besides online games such as the ‘Farmony’ that were used to educate the children and other consumers on various products offered by the company (Mangold Faulds 2009). The Churned â€Å"Forever† campaign featured an inspired faming ‘boy band’ track that was titled ‘Forever’ (medium). The campaign was designed by the Yeo Valley Company (sender) to advertise the organic dairy brand. This advertisement was done on television through the ITV Show of the X Factor (channel). The campaign was filmed in various regions such as Blagdon and Somerset where the original farms were located. The management also went ahead to use the ITV talent shows and Facebook blogs among others to improve the competition. The ‘Boy bandâ₠¬â„¢ music promoted the virtue and importance of organic farming. It elaborated ‘Live in Harmony’ campaign that was designed by the Yeo Valley Company to promote sustainable organic production across the UK. The company pass the information on organic farming techniques and the West Country roots to the consumers using the strategies (Harben Kim 2010). To implement the strategy effectively, the company created a television commercial ‘Rap’ that was geared towards changing the main customer expectations of various organic brands that it offered. This situation was made possible using music to ensure that the idea was shared among many consumers in a fun way. The advertisement on TV was viewed through various channels on the X Factor entertainment platform, online competition, and company website (Fishbein Ajzen 2011). Effects of Marketing Communication Strategy to Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies on the Society Marketing communication strategy has ensured the change of consumer’s perceptions of the advertisement techniques and information about products or services. The Yeo Valley Company has currently transformed the perceptions of the UK consumers by adopting advertisement campaigns. Before the advertisements, the perceptions of most consumers of dairy products in the country were that organic products were expensive. This situation resulted in minimal consumptions of such products (Pomering Johnson 2009). The general production of organic products by the people of the UK was also marginal due to the perception that the practice was involving. However, after the advertisement campaigns, the people’s perceptions were changed. Today, the consumers both within the UK and within other countries benefit from the use of the organic dairy brands. ‘Shockvertising’ as used by the Benetton Company has caused stronger feelings and reactions to the consumers (Parry et al. 2013). The society’s perceptions of the adverts cut across the advantages and disadvantages. Some of the consumers felt favoured by the brands while others felt marginalised. While others commented positively on the bold stance, the company had taken to speak about social issues that were ignored (Mikhailitchenko et al. 2009). Conclusion Various objectives of market communication have been critically examined in the essay by providing an insight into the advertisement practices of the Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies. From the discussions, it is realised that the companies have different reasons for conducting advertisement. For example, the Yeo Valley Company mainly advertised to create awareness of the organic products and farming to customers while the Benetton Group only focused on the creation of awareness of social issues that were different from the products they offered. Market communication should be addressed thoroughly since it can result in either benefit or loss to an entity. References Ailawadi, K, Beau champ, J, Donthu, N, Gauri, D Shankar, V 2009, ‘Communication and promotion decisions in retailing: a review and directions for future research’, Journal of Retailing, vol. 85 no. 1, pp. 42-55. Ashley, C Leonard, H 2009, ‘Betrayed by the buzz? Covert content and consumer-brand relationships’, Journal of Public Policy Marketing, vol. 28 no. 2, pp. 212-220. Belch, G Belch, M 2011, Advertising, and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective, McGraw Hill, New York, NY. Borgerson, J, Schroeder, J, Escudero Magnusson, M Magnusson, F 2009, ‘Corporate communication, ethics, and operational identity: A case study of Benetton’, Business Ethics: A European Review, vol. 18 no. 3, pp. 209-223. Brennan, L Binney, W 2010, ‘Fear, guilt, and shame appeals in social marketing’, Journal of business Research, vol. 63 no. 2, pp. 140-146. Carayannis, E, Samara, E Bakouros, Y 2015, Innovation as a Management Process, Springer In ternational Publishing, Switzerland. De Pelsmacker, P, Geuens, M Van den Bergh, J 2010, Marketing Communications: A European Perspective, Pearson, Harlow. Drumwright, M Murphy, P 2009, ‘The Current State of Advertising Ethics’, Journal of Advertising, vol. 38 no. 1, pp. 83-107. Dzewaltowski, D 2010, ‘Toward a model of exercise motivation’, JSEP, vol. 11 no. 3, pp. 251-269. Fishbein, M Ajzen, I 2011, ‘Predicting and changing behaviour: The reasoned action approach, The Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 151 no. 3, pp. 382-385. Frunza, M 2015, ‘Advertising, Gender Stereotypes and Religion.A Perspective from the Philosophy of Communication’, Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, vol. 14 no. 40, pp. 72-91. Hackley, C 2010, Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Approach, Sage, London. Hall, S 2010, ‘Encoding, Decoding’, Social Theory: Power and identity in the global era, vol. 2 no. 1, p p. 569-599. Harben, B Kim, S 2010, ‘Political opinion leadership and advertisement attitude: The moderating roles of cognitive and affective responses to political messages’, The Social Science Journal, vol. 47 no. 1, pp. 90-105. Kautonen, T, Van Gelderen, M Tornikoski, E 2013, ‘Predicting entrepreneurial behaviour: a test of the theory of planned behaviour’, Applied Economics, vol. 45 no. 6, pp. 697-707. Mangold, W Faulds, D 2009, ‘Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix’, Business Horisons, vol. 52 no. 1, pp. 357-365. Mathews-Wadhwa, A 2012, The Best Online Videos Engage, Enlighten Viewers: 6 Tips. Web. Mikhailitchenko, A, Javalgi, R, Mikhailitchenko, G Laroche, M 2009, ‘Cross-cultural advertising communication: Visual imagery, brand familiarity, and brand recall’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 62 no. 10, pp. 931-938. Minowa, Y, Maclaran, P Stevens, L 2014, ‘Visual Representations of Violent Wome n’, Visual Communication Quarterly, vol. 21 no. 4, pp. 210-222. Morgan, S 2013, ‘Patterns of innovation in the dairy processing sector in South West Wales’, Regional Science Policy Practice, vol. 5 no. 4, pp. 417-434. Parry, S, Jones, R, Stern, P Robinson, M 2013 ‘Shockvertising: An exploratory investigation into attitudinal variations and emotional reactions to shock advertising’, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, vol. 12 no. 2, pp. 112-121. Pomering, A Johnson, L 2009, ‘Constructing a corporate social responsibility reputation using corporate image advertising’, Australasian Marketing Journal, vol. 17 no. 2, pp. 106-114. Rideout, L 2011, ‘Representations of the Third World in NGO advertising: Practicalities, colonial discourse and western understandings of development’, Journal of African Media Studies, vol. 3 no. 1, pp. 25-41. SandÄ ±kcÄ ±, Ãâ€" 2011, ‘Shock tactics in advertising and implications for citizen-con sumer’, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol. 1 no. 18, pp. 42-50. Servaes, H Tamayo, A 2013, ‘The impact of corporate social responsibility on firm value: The role of customer awareness’, Management Science, vol. 59 no. 5, pp. 1045-1061. Sokolowski, O 2010, International Strategic Leadership: Case study of Benetton Group. Web. Stevens, L, Kearney, M Maclaran, P 2013, ‘Uddering the other: Androcentrism, ecofeminism, and the dark side of anthropomorphic marketing’, Journal of Marketing Management, vol. 29 no. 1, 158-160. Urwin, B Venter, M 2014, Shock Advertising: Not So Shocking Anymore. An Investigation among Generation Y’, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 5 no. 21, pp. 203. Virvilaite, R Matuleviciene, M 2013, ‘The Impact Of Shocking Advertising To Consumer Buying Behaviour’, Economics and Management, vol. 18 no. 1, pp. 134-141. Wang, X, Yu, C Wei, Y 2012, ‘Social media peer commun ication and impacts on purchase intentions: A consumer socialization framework’, Journal of Interactive Marketing, vol. 26 no. 4, pp. 198-208. This case study on Marketing Communication at Benetton and Yeo Valley Companies was written and submitted by user Mckenz1e to help you with your own studies. 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One way of achieving this decentralization is through distributed leadership. Leadership is the new trend in education worldwide. It is crucial for all transformation and innovation (Spillane, Halverson and Diamond 2004). It is about empowering others as partners in leadership (Huber 2004). This concept was meant with the aim of de-loading the duties and responsibilities of the rector. Everyone now share the different responsibilities in managing the school. School management is not a simple task even in a small country like Mauritius, with a population of about 110,000 secondary students and 200 secondary schools. The concept of school-based management has been implemented to some extent even in our local schools. As early as Future in our hands by K. Jagatsing (1979), up to the recent Education and Human Resources Strategy Plan 2008-2020 report, stressed were laid on the concept of decentralization in school management. Our Honorable Minister of Education, Dr. V.K.Bunwaree, talked about the decentralization of school management in these terms : While the School Development Plan is available in all institutions as an indication of the direction to follow, the Rector needs support and resources to make critical decisions on a day-to-day basis. These decisions may well relate to pedagogical matters as much as to disciplinary cases. Nevertheless, it is also vital to understand that a Head of School cannot do it alone. He/She will have to r esort to some delegation of responsibility and especially know when and how to do it (School Management Manual, 2009). New posts were created and distributed leadership is becoming more and more a reality. 1.1 Problem statement The Mauritian education system is very hierarchical where all decisions are centralized on very few individuals. This rigid Weberian model of bureaucracy was inherited from our British colonial past. It had a quite coercive structure which is gradually being changed in an enabling one at all levels from pre-primary to tertiary education. This dissertation will consider the model which has been opted for by the Ministry of Education at secondary school level. There are three types of secondary schools in Mauritius namely State Secondary Schools and State Colleges, Private Secondary Schools and Fee Paying Schools (Ministry of Education and Human Resources 2012). The Private secondary schools can be further classified into private aided and private un-aided schools. These schools are under the aegis of the Private Secondary School Authority (PSSA). Another classification of these schools is based upon their related confessions (PSSA 2012). At secondary school level, all managerial activities are centered on the rector. He is the only one responsible for the smooth running of the school. In the decentralization process of school-based management, the government created some new posts sharing the complex responsibilities of the rector. These posts as well as the duties and responsibilities they are entrusted with, are not the same in state secondary schools and private secondary schools. In Private secondary schools, we have the Head of Department HoD and the Section Leader posts that bring about the distributed leadership in the school-based management process. The HoD is mainly concern with academic issues of the school. Teachers are divided into various departments according to the subjects they teach. The head of department provide leadership to the department. He helps the rector in monitoring teaching and learning in his department (PSSA 2010). The post of Section Leader is a rather new one which has been appointed in 2010 following the Pay Research Bureau recommendations of 2008. This post is exclusively found in Private secondary schools. It is mostly an administrative post. The section leader is responsible the rector in solving indiscipline issues absences, etc. He must assist the rector in planning, organizing and coordinating activities. Pastoral care is also under his responsibility. He is to assist the rector in conducting examinations, preparation and distribution of time-tables (PSSA 2010). This dissertation will analyze to what extent are the heads of department and the section leaders helping the rector in school management. The relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of these posts in private secondary schools will be dealt in depth. 1.2 Aims and objectives 1.2.1 Aims The aim of the study is to find out the efficiency, effectiveness and relevancy of distributed leadership in school-based management in private secondary schools in Mauritius with special reference to the role of section leaders and heads of department. 1.2.2 Objectives To evaluate the impact of distributed leadership in private secondary schools. To find out whether distributed leadership is considered as a solution to the various issues facing private secondary schools. To measure the extent to which the posts of section leader and head of department have decrease the work load of the rector. To evaluate the effectiveness of these posts in bringing flexibility in managing the schools. To evaluate the improvement, if ever, in the relationship between teachers and rectors. To find out the impact of these posts on the teachers and their duties. To find out whether these posts are sources of motivation for teachers or not. To compare the application of these two posts in schools with different settings and measure their respective efficiency, effectiveness and relevancy. 1.3 Research questions According to the objectives of the study, the research questions have been formulated as follows: (1) What is the impact of distributed leadership in secondary schools in general and in private secondary schools in particular? (2) How is distributed leadership being applied in private secondary schools? (3) Is distributed leadership the proper solution in solving issues facing these schools? (4) How is the creation of the post of section leader and HoD decreasing the workload of the rector in these schools? (5) Have these posts brought more flexibility in the school management? (6) Has there been any improvement in teacher-rector relationship by the introduction of section leader and HoD? (7) What is the impact of section leaders and Hods on the teachers and their responsibilities? (8) Is the creation of these posts a motivation for teachers? (9) What are the different responsibilities of section leaders and HoDs in different schools? 1.4 Flow of dissertation Chapter One: This chapter is about the introduction of the dissertation. It comprises of the background, problem statement, aims, objectives and research questions. Distributed leadership is introduced and explained in brief terms from an international to a local perspective with precisions on the posts of HoD and Section leader. Chapter Two: It is the literature review chapter where literatures from the world of education were selected and written down. Both the international and local perspective were taken into account. It starts with definitions and explanations of key terms such as leadership, management and administration in the education sector. Then the school structure and the major reforms in it were elucidated. Decentralization, School-based management and distributed leadership were explained together with their criticism. Teacher leadership was given also mentioned which included the HoD and other middle manager posts. Furthermore an overview of the Mauritian context with the application of distributed leadership in Mauritian schools was explained. Chapter Three: It is the methodology chapter. Two schools were selected namely the Aleemiah Forms I-VI Boys College and the girls department of the Cosmopolitan College. The mix method was adopted to collect data. Interviews were carried out with rectors, HoDs and Section leaders. Two observations were carried out in both schools. Survey questionnaires were distributed to educators in both schools. Chapter Four: It is the result and discussion chapter where the data were thoroughly analyzed. SPSS were used to make bar-charts, pie-charts and cross-tabulations. The results obtained from observations and interviews were written and analyzed with relation to the literature review. Chapter Five: It is the conclusion and recommendation chapter. All the research questions were answered. The aims and objectives of the dissertation were reached. Some recommendations were made for a better distributed leadership in schools.

Because I could not stop for Death, by Emily Dickinson Essay -- Emily D

‘Because I could not stop for Death—,’ A Poem of Both Marriage and Death When thinking of both marriage and death, the word â€Å"eternity† comes to mind. Marriage is looked at as a symbol of eternal love, and death is looked at as a state of eternal rest. Also, Christians consider life after death as an eternal state. In â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death—,† Emily Dickinson portrays death by describing an eternal marriage. On the literal level, the speaker remembers a time where she was carried off and eloped with a man called Death and his partner in crime, Immortality. Not realizing that going with Death meant that she would have to leave this world and live with him in his house forever, she shows herself as being immature at that time. As she leaves to go with Death the speaker states, â€Å"We slowly drove—He knew no haste/And I had put away/My labor and my leisure too, /For his Civility--†. In these lines, she shows how she must leave her household to work for her new husband. On the way to Death’s house they â€Å"passed the school, where Children strove/At Recess—in the Ring—â€Å". The fact that she mentions the kids fighting and playing at recess also shows how she must leave her life of leisure for a life of work. She must go work for her husband Death at his household. The next quatrain is when the speaker finally realizes that she is leaving this world to join Death in his world. She states, â€Å"We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—/We passed the Setting Sun—/Or rather—He passed Us—â€Å". The next lines also show how she is leaving her world into another, colder environment. The speaker says â€Å"The Dews drew quivering and chill—/For only Gossamer, my Gown—/My Tippet—only Tulle—â€Å". The gown and scarf that she had worn f... ...hyme scheme follows an ABCB pattern. By that I mean that the second and last lines of every quatrain rhyme. This makes the poem flow well but not as fast as a poem with an ABAB rhyme scheme. Another technique I noticed was that Dickinson capitalizes the first letter of some important words in the lines to make the reader emphasize them as he or she reads. For example in the line â€Å"We passed the school, where Children strove/At Recess—in the Ring—/We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—/We passed the Setting Sun—/Or rather—He passed Us—,† the reader must emphasize the words that are capitalized to get the effect of a slower poem. This poem was a good example of what marrying Death would feel like. Since no one has really died and came back to tell us how it feels, Dickinson does a good job of showing death from the perspective of a dead person or immortal soul.

Summary of the Books of the Old Testament Books

Leviticus The book of Leviticus is largely a book of laws. Some key themes include God speaking to the people of Israel to define what it means to be the holy people of a holy God. This is accomplished by God speaking through Moses. The instruction given to Moses provides guidelines for the conduct of the individual as well as the nation as a whole. These instructions address the individual’s every day needs such as cleanliness, diet, sexual relations, and neighborly interactions. There are also laws given to address the relationship and worship between Israel’s people and God. There are descriptions of how to properly present God with a sacrifice. There are defined punishments for blasphemy and for child sacrifice. There are also descriptions of blessings for obedience. Though the Israelite people were the chosen people of God, God knew there would be times, as humans, they would be unfaithful. The book of Leviticus is setting the expectations and describing how to approach God for forgiveness if a person fails to observe the Law of God. (Word count 176) Ruth The book of Ruth is largely a narrative. Some of the key themes in this book are kindness and love. The book of Ruth shows how people of God can experience his wisdom, love, and kindness. These may be experienced and more greatly appreciated while the person is enduring a hardship. This is where we find Ruth and Naomi after the deaths of their husbands. Naomi is returning to her homeland and Ruth is accompanying her mother in law. We can see God’s love and kindness shown through the actions of Boaz and his field workers in allowing Ruth to glean wheat from his fields and assuring her safety. We also see the love and kindness of God when Ruth approaches Boaz in asking for their marriage. The heart of Boaz is right with God and his actions assure the proper following of the customs so there would be no disrespect or dishonor brought to Ruth or their marriage. God is pleased with both of his followers and blessed them with a son, Obed, who would be the grandfather of King David. (Word count 179) Job The book of Job is a book of wisdom. The key elements are trust and faith. We see Job, a servant of God that has been richly blessed by God for his loyalty and faith. Satan questions if Job’s faith is related to the blessed life God has provided for him. God allows for all to be lost for Job to assure his faith is honest and true. The loss and suffering experienced by Job offers an opportunity for doubt or distrust in God. Though within this book Job does get angry and questions God . God does not become vengeful, rather agrees with Jobs words and understands his hurt and anger. Due to Job’s unyielding faith God restores his health and bestows double the blessings upon him after this test . The book of Job is simply about God and his relationship with man . It was written to show that in a world where injustices and suffering occur daily God is present. We are not alone. Our continued trust and faith in God will be rewarded by blessings. Word count 178) Daniel The book of Daniel is largely a narrative . The key themes in this book are faithfulness, trust, and not compromising your beliefs. We find that Daniel, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego are captured and placed in exile in a foreign land. The three serve the king loyally yet without compromising their own loyalty to God. When found not to be partici pating in pagan worship Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego were sentenced to death. Even in this time of great turmoil they stood fast in their trust in God and they were delivered from death. God used these three to show his awesome power . God showed several times in this book that he is a living God of action. His servant needs only to believe with all of his heart and pray and they will be delivered. The heart of the oppressor was humbled at the sight of God’s miracles. The oppressor may not have been converted away from his pagan worship but he had to acknowledge the power of the living God. (Word count 172) Jonah The book of Jonah is a book of prophecy. The key themes in this book are compassion, repentance, and forgiveness. God spoke to Jonah and gave him the direction to go to Nineveh to deliver his message to the people. Jonah disobeyed and attempted to run from God. God found Jonah and had him swallowed by a fish. In the belly of the fish Jonah asked for forgiveness and God placed him back on land to go to Nineveh to deliver his message. Jonah stayed on task . The message of pending destruction was received and the people of Nineveh repented and asked the Lord to forgive them and not destroy their city. God heard their prayers and let the city stand. This book shows us of a God who can and will readily punish for not abiding by his law but will also show love and compassion on those same people if only they repent and ask for forgiveness. (Word count 160)

Leighton Thompson Essays (629 words) - Algebra, Mathematics, Vectors

Leighton Thompson Essays (629 words) - Algebra, Mathematics, Vectors Leighton Thompson @02840928 Physics 001-09 Vector Force Table Objective: The objective of this experiment is to study vectors and compare experimental results with graphical and analytical calculations by finding a resultant force that balances out the given force so that the system will be equilibrium. Apparatus: Force table, weight holders, set of masses, rulers, protractors, spirit levels. Theory: Vectors A and B can be added graphically by drawing them to scale and aligning them head to tail. The vector that connects them is the resultant, vector R. The components (Ax and Ay) of a vector A can be calculated by projecting the length of A onto the coordinate axes as shown in figure 1. The components can be obtained by using the following equations Ax = l A l cos A Ay = l A l sinA The sign of a component gives its direction along the x or y axis. Conversely, from the components, the magnitude l A l and direction of the vector can be calculated using following: lAl = Ax 2+ Ay2 To add vectors analytically, they must be in component form. The components of a vector sum of two vectors A and B yields the components of a new vector, called a resultant vector and will be denotated by R. The components of R can be calculated by: Rx = Ax + Bx Ry= Ay + By I Procedure: Place the force table on a flat surface. Using the spirit level, make sure the force table is level, then cut 3 pieces of string 12 to 15 inches long. Tie a loop at the end of each piece of string, and attach the other end of the string to the ring. Place the ring in the center of the force table then put the strings over the pulleys that are attached to the force table. Get three mass holders, for vector A, add mass to one mass holder until the entire setup is 20 to 30g. Place this mass on the end of one of the strings looped over a pulley and set the pulley at an angle of 630. For vector, to the second mass holder, add 41g. Place this mass on the end of one of the strings looped over a pulley and set the pully at an angle of 154 0. For vector C, attach the last mass holder to the last string. Add mass to the system until equilibrium is reached. Record the values for mass and angle for vectors A, B and C in Table 1. Record the values for mass and angle of vectors A and B. Use the formulas to calculate the mass of x component and y components of vectors A and B, and calculate the mass, force, components and angle for vector C. Draw the vectors A, B and their corresponding components to scale in each space provided. Also draw the complete system of vectors A, B and C together. Compare the experimental results for mass and angle measure of vector C with the analytical calculations. Determine the percentage error. Calculation and Results A B C Mass (g) 25.0g 41.1g 48.1g (0) 63 154 305 A B C Force (N) 245.0 N 402.8N 471.4N X - component 111.2 N -362.0 N 270.4 N Y - component 218.3 N 176.6 N -386.1 N CONCLUSION The addition of two vectors (A,B) is equivalent to th e resultant vector. This was seen in this experiment when the vectors in the force table reached equilibrium.

English Titles of Nobility

English Titles of Nobility English Titles of Nobility English Titles of Nobility By Mark Nichol Terms for members of the aristocracy are often applied by extension to other, often colloquial, usage. Here are titles of English nobility and some of their other connotations. King, from the Old English word cyning, refers to a hereditary lifelong ruler; a king who rules over other kings might be called a high king. The word emperor, from the Latin term imperator, meaning â€Å"commander,† denoted someone who ruled over an empire, a collection of kingdoms or other states, though it was never used in England or Great Britain. Female equivalents are queen and empress; monarch is a non-gender-specific generic term not used as a title with a name (as king or emperor would be in, say, â€Å"King Arthur† or â€Å"Emperor Hirohito†). King is also used to describe the preeminent person in a field, as in Michael Jackson’s designation as â€Å"the King of Pop.† (Jazz musicians of the early twentieth century were precursors of this tradition, adopting monikers such as Duke Ellington and Count Basie that referred to their stature as leading practitioners of their craft. It is also the name of a playing card, a chess piece, and a crowned piece in checkers; emperor has no such connotations, though both king and emperor are sometimes applied to large animals of their type, as in â€Å"king penguin† and â€Å"emperor penguin,† and â€Å"monarch butterfly† refers to an especially regal-looking specimen of flying insect. Queen, meanwhile, has other meanings: It refers to a woman of regal bearing or of attainment of stature in an area of endeavor, such as in â€Å"beauty queen,† or to an animal, such as a type of bee, that exists for breeding. The word is also applied, often pejoratively, to an effeminate or flamboyant gay man, or, in the phrase â€Å"drama queen,† to a highly emotional person. Queen also refers to a specific playing card and a particular chess piece. The Latin term princeps (â€Å"first citizen†) was originally applied to the unofficial leader of the Roman Senate; later, the emperor Augustus referred to his grandsons by that title, and as prince in English it came to refer to the male descendants of a king. (An heir to a kingship is a crown prince.) It is also used generically, as in the title of Niccolà ² Machiavelli’s classic political tract The Prince, to refer to any political leader of noble birth. A prince might also be the ruler of a small country (called a principality), as was common in Europe during the early 1800s, or the husband of a ruling queen. The feminine form is princess, which is also sometimes used jocularly to be a spoiled woman or girl, while prince was at times used as an obsequious compliment for a man of high professional or social standing. The Latin word dux (â€Å"leader†), from which duke was derived, was used to refer to a military commander, especially a non-Roman one, in the Roman Republic and later the top military commander of a Roman province. From there the sense became that of a ruler of a province (and sometimes a separate country, styled a duchy). Eventually, the title was granted to a few senior nobles, including, in England, the king’s sons. In other countries, a preeminent duke might be styled an archduke or a grand duke; the female equivalent of a duke, or the wife of one, is a duchess. (John Wayne’s nickname, Duke, derived from the name of a favorite dog of his.) A marquis (the English equivalent is a marquess, pronounced as spelled) was a nobleman whose domain was on the march, or border, of a country, and therefore had higher status than the next-highest-ranking nobleman, a count. (The female equivalent is a marquise, or marchioness.) The title of count derives from the Latin term comitem (â€Å"companion†), which refers to an associate or representative of an emperor; from this word we get county, originally referring to the area held by a count. The equivalent to count in the British Isles is earl (from the Old English term eorl, meaning â€Å"nobleman† or â€Å"warrior†), but because no feminine equivalent of that term exists, countess is used for both the wife of a count and the wife of an earl. (Earl is also a given name.) Viscount (the first element of the word is from vice, as in â€Å"vice president†) is a term for a lower-ranking nobleman; viscountess is the feminine equivalent. The lowest-ranking title of nobility is baron, from a Latin word for â€Å"man,† â€Å"servant,† or â€Å"soldier†; a baron held a barony, and his wife was a baroness. Baronet is a title granted by kings of England, but baronets (and their wives, called baronetesses) are not considered of the nobility. By extension, baron has been used to denote to a person of influence in commerce, such as in â€Å"cattle baron,† referring to a wealthy rancher. The rank of knight formerly denoted the bottom tier of nobility, but it is no longer conferred except as an honorary title in England, although hereditary knighthoods persist in other European countries. â€Å"White knight† and â€Å"black knight† refer in business lingo to someone seeking to acquire a corporation in a friendly or unfriendly takeover respectively; â€Å"knight in shining armor† is a dated reference to an ideal man sought by a woman as good marriage material. The female equivalent of knight is dame, which also used to be applied to an elderly woman in general and for a time during the twentieth century was slang for an attractive woman. The wife of a king who does not herself rule is referred to as a queen consort or empress consort; a woman who rules is a queen regnant or empress regnant. The widow of any nobleman is called a dowager (the word is from the Middle French term douagiere, derived from douer, meaning â€Å"to endow†); this term, like the others used in association with a higher-ranking title in a phrase such as â€Å"queen dowager,† may also refer to any woman holding property from her deceased husband, or to a dignified elderly woman in general, though such usage is rare, and the latter is generally meant humorously. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How Many Tenses in English?Peace of Mind and A Piece of One's MindHonorary vs. Honourary

Level of service of safety (critical review) Essay

Level of service of safety (critical review) - Essay Example This is because, there are many accidents that occur in different roads, but he rural or two lane roads remain unattended and not maintained to the standard of safety that is required for a standard road. In the analysis of the highways as the report portrays, rural; roads or two lane roads are more prone to increased road accidents and fatalities at both low and high range AADT due to their design. Therefore, the report is authentic enough and treats the problem in detail, and might be put into practice by road design professionals. Kononov and Allery (60) argues that a road safety analysis has to include the analysis of the severity of accidents and their numbers, while a second approach has to be based on the injury and the fatal accidents only. The safety of a road network has to largely indicate the number of accidents per year or and the number of fatalities and injury that result from such accidents or the AADT. It is through these factors that are ad might be classified to be either safe or unsafe in regard to road transportation. These are the important factors hat are considered when marking out black spots or areas with a higher number of road accidents and fatalities per year. Though as Kononov and Alley (60) elaborate most super highways are designed within standards, there exists dispersion where accidents are more prone and more fatal compared to other sections. These sections or black spots as they are often referred are unidentified though such data and engineers are able to verify and redesign such sections of roads to enhance the level of safety and impact a better safety performance function. A report financed by the European Union on road safety management (14) establishes the steps that have to be included in road network safety management. Theses steps are the data collection on traffic, roads and accident

Macroeconomics - Quantitative Easing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Macroeconomics - Quantitative Easing - Essay Example Expansionary policies involve the purchase of short term monetary government bonds by the central bank in order to lower the market interest rate. However, when the interest rates are minimal or at zero, traditional monetary policies cannot lower the interest rate any further. In quantitative easing, the economy is boosted by other methods. Short-term as well as long-term bonds are purchased and the yield has a high probability of increasing. (Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen, 2011) Quantitative easing is supposed to keep the inflation in check. However, the goods in the market to be sold have a fixed quantity and therefore, even a flooding of capital will not lead to an increase in the amount of goods and thus, it could actually lead to more inflation (Trefgarne, 2009). The interest rate of the economy is targeted by open market operations, which are the buying and selling of bonds (short-term government bonds) from banks and other financial institutions. The central bank gives o ut the bonds and collects money from this process, and this in turn also affects the money supply and the interbank interest rate (Wieland, 2009). When a central bank cannot change the interest rate, they face a liquidity trap, and quantitative easing changes the economy’s scenario without affecting the interest rate. It is only related to the money supply when the interest rate cannot be further lowered. Therefore, it is also a policy that is used as a last resort measure rather than as a first resort one (Wieland, 2009). Also, even though central banks cannot affect the interest rate further, they are the ones who carry out quantitative easing because their money is the one which is acceptable by everyone. However, in some cases, central banks cannot carry out their own quantitative easing and are dependent on other central banks to carry it out for them (Wieland, 2009). b) UK has a unique method of employing quantitative easing in order to spur growth in the economy and ch ange the money supply and keep the inflation rate in check at about 2%. Their first policy was to buy gilt-edged securities from institutions that are not banks. These also include bonds that are issued by national governments, also referred to as debt securities. Secondly, they conduct Open Market Operations, which were open to their gilt counterparts as well (Congdon, 2009). The lowest bids started being acceptable by banks, the standard of comparison being the market prices. Lastly, the HM treasury condemned APF (Asset Purchase Facility) which was initiated in 2009, when the commercial paper was financed primarily by T-bills and gilts. There are not only short-term gilts that are used, but also long-term gilts in this process of quantitative easing. They also borrow money from insurance companies and pension funds. People can also keep more money in their bank accounts than they did before, as one of the ways to boost money in the economy. This way banks, apart from the central b ank, will have more money in order to lend more (Congdon, 2009). The two main outcomes of assessing the situation were assessing the portfolios and the events that occurred. Portfolio rebalancing may cause UK investor to demand to go on a hike and gilt’s yield has decreased by a hundred points since this policy has been implemented. However, it is hard to tell the